Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been introduced for more than 30 years and has become the first choice for surgical treatment of renal and ureteral stones due to its remarkable efficacy and mild injury. Indications for extracorporeal lithotripsy 1, single stones in the renal pelvis or calyces with a diameter of ≤2 cm or multiple stones with a comparable total volume are the best indications for ESWL. 2. Ureteral stones of all ureteral segments can be treated with ESWL. Stones in the upper ureter <1.5 cm in length and diameter are the best indications for ESWL, but stones with long residence time or dense structure are less effective in lithotripsy, and stones in the lower ureter are better treated by ureteroscopy. The hematological examination must be done before lithotripsy, such as determination of platelets and coagulation factors. 3. Distal organic urinary obstruction caused by various reasons such as congenital malformation, polyps, tumors, which cause urinary obstruction. 4. Renal insufficiency Before ESWL treatment, a comprehensive understanding of the patient's renal function must be obtained and the causes of renal insufficiency must be distinguished. It should be chosen carefully. ESWL is contraindicated in acute urinary tract infections.