Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong endocrine system disease, and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing year by year in recent years, seriously threatening people’s health and life safety. Diabetes mellitus is still mainly treated with drugs. The commonly used drugs have different degrees of side effects and adverse reactions on the basis of blood glucose control, and research on new special drugs for diabetes mellitus is always ongoing.
There are two main categories of new diabetes drugs in clinical use: 1) SGLT2 inhibitors such as engramine, daglitazone, and canagliflozin, which lower blood glucose by inhibiting glucose reabsorption by the glomerulus and increasing glucose excretion in the urine, and also reduce the risk of cardiovascular and renal adverse events and hypoglycemia in patients. 2) Saxagliptin, vildagliptin The first of these is a DPP-4 inhibitor, which can lower circulating levels of hyperglycemia by inhibiting the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and increasing insulin secretion through the application of glucose, thus playing a role in controlling blood glucose.