Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of cerebral palsy and currently consists of three steps in terms of treatment mechanism: release of spasticity, correction of deformity and rehabilitation training. Selective posterior spinal nerve root amputation is performed by selectively partially removing the posterior spinal nerve root (sensory nerve), interrupting the abnormally hyperactive muscle tone circulation pathway, and comprehensively adjusting the patient’s muscle tone so that the muscle tone of the spastic muscles is as close to normal as possible. This procedure only selectively blocks part of the posterior nerve root fibers without affecting the anterior nerve roots that innervate muscle movement and motor function. The specific site of surgery will depend on the patient’s specific condition: surgery in the lumbar spine will address lower extremity spasticity, and surgery in the cervical spine will address upper extremity spasticity. Because spastic cerebral palsy varies greatly from child to child, the spastic muscles and the degree of spasticity of each muscle vary from child to child. Therefore, the specific surgical plan for each child may vary. Current intraoperative electrophysiological techniques can help the operator identify the relationship of each spinal nerve bundle to the corresponding spastic muscle and provide objective guidance for selective nerve dissection. This allows for reference data on the proportion of posterior roots to be surgically resected, avoiding the high risk that can result from subjective experience and greatly improving the effectiveness of the procedure. Thus electrophysiological monitoring equipment has been an important technique to ensure the surgical outcome in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Selective posterior spinal nerve rhizotomy can reduce the child’s muscle tone and provide new opportunities for rehabilitation exercises. It is important to emphasize that postoperative rehabilitation is still important and only in combination with long-term formal rehabilitation can the overall outcome of children with cerebral palsy be ensured.