Colds in young children are usually caused by viral infections such as rhinovirus and adenovirus, with common symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, fever, cough and other upper respiratory symptoms, while a small number of them are caused by bacterial infections, which may be accompanied by coughing, coughing, sputum, fever and other discomforts. Usually viral influenza has self-limiting and self-curing tendency, the treatment can pay attention to rest, drink more water, keep living around the environment ventilation and supplement a lot of vitamin C can be improved, influenza is more serious can use antiviral drugs, commonly used in the treatment of influenza medication is oseltamivir phosphate. Secondly, if the bacterial infection or viral infection is secondary to bacterial infection, antibiotic treatment can be used, and penicillin can be used. Again, if high fever and other related complications occur during disease progression, physical and pharmacologic cooling is recommended to prevent febrile convulsions. In conclusion, according to the nature of the disease, different treatment programs are adopted, which can be supplemented by examination of pharyngeal swabs, blood tests, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza virus tests to clarify the cause and prevent complications of other systemic diseases.