A series of pathological changes will occur in the blood vessels of hypertensive patients, as follows: First, vitreous changes in the fine arteries, including those in the small arteries of the renal entry and retinal arteries, will also occur in the small arteriosclerosis of the muscular type, which is manifested by the splitting of the inner elastic membrane and the proliferation and hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells in the middle membrane, resulting in the thickening of the vessel wall and narrowing of the lumen. In addition, atherosclerosis causing elastic-type atherosclerosis can also occur. In hypertensive patients, vascular endothelial dysfunction can also occur, causing vascular remodeling, leading to a decrease in vascular elasticity and fibrosis, which can cause a further increase in blood pressure.