The five-year survival rate of early esophageal cancer is higher than 80% after operation if it only invades the mucosa, while the five-year survival rate of progressive esophageal cancer is less than 30%, and the five-year survival rate of esophageal cancer with distant metastasis is 1.9%. Esophageal cancer is a kind of malignant tumor disease which is relatively common in our country. Early-stage patients are mostly treated with surgical resection and postoperative auxiliary radiotherapy according to their conditions, while middle- and late-stage patients are mostly treated with comprehensive treatment including radiotherapy, targeted drugs and immunotherapy. All in all, the prognosis of each esophageal cancer patient will be significantly different depending on the patient’s condition. Early treatment is an important means to improve the prognosis of esophageal cancer and increase its survival rate. Therefore, it is important to have regular medical checkups in order to have a chance to recognize and diagnose the disease at an early stage of esophageal cancer.