With the improvement of people’s living standards, otitis media has become more and more important to people because chronic otitis media not only has long-term pus flow, but also the pus flow may be accompanied by an unpleasant odor and may lead to hearing loss, which directly affects the quality of life of patients. Some patients may also suffer from the formation of middle ear cholesteatoma, which can cause serious intracranial and extracranial complications such as facial paralysis, vaginitis (causing vertigo, nausea and vomiting) and even meningitis and brain abscess due to the erosion of the surrounding bone by the cholesteatoma. Many patients think that they can be cured by simple medication, but this is actually the misconception of otitis media treatment, as medication can only provide temporary relief, which is not the root cause. In fact, only through modern ear microsurgery can we hope to completely solve the problem. The purpose of microsurgery for otitis media is threefold: 1) to completely remove the lesion and obtain a “dry ear” (instead of an ear with chronic pus flow); 2) to prevent some serious complications caused by otitis media, such as facial palsy, meningitis or even brain abscess; 3) to restore or partially restore the damaged hearing through surgery.