With the continuous improvement of social development and medical science and technology, the standard of living is increasing, the life expectancy of our people is increasing, and our society has entered into an aging society. The increase of inorganic salts of bone, aging of organic matter, imbalance of calcium and phosphorus ratio, low bone mass and microstructural changes of bone in the elderly, the elderly have osteoporosis, brittle quality, weakened elasticity of joint cartilage and degenerative lesions of bone, so they are prone to a variety of orthopedic diseases. The most common fractures in the elderly are hip fractures (femoral neck fractures, intertrochanteric fractures), lumbar compression fractures, distal radius fractures and shoulder fractures. Most fractures in the elderly require surgery, and they tend to heal poorly due to osteoporosis, poor self-care ability, or diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, sequelae of cerebrovascular disease, or diabetes before the fracture. Therefore, prevention of fractures is especially important for the elderly. The elderly should eat more calcium-rich foods, such as shrimp, soy products, lean meat, sesame, milk and fresh fruits and vegetables. Older people should insist on drinking a glass of milk every morning and evening, the effect is better than simply taking calcium supplements. In addition, some bad habits should be changed, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, less movement and more sitting and low calcium diet. The temperature of the living room should be kept at 20-25℃, so that the elderly can wear less clothes and move around more easily. Do not lay carpets and flooring leather at home as far as possible, because there is a possibility of tripping at the seams. Keep electric wires and telephone lines away from the floor. Tables, chairs, sofas and other furniture should be stable and not swaying. The floor and shoes in the house should be non-slip, and the elderly should not wear slippers at home. Keep the home environment bright and always have a flashlight at the bedside of the elderly. Keep the bathroom floor dry and free of standing water. Install handles next to bathrooms and toilets for the convenience of the elderly, and keep night lights on in the bathroom at night. Try to avoid going to the bathroom at night to use the toilet. Elderly people suffering from cataract, glaucoma, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cervical spondylosis, and sequelae of cerebrovascular disease should preferably have a commode next to their beds. Do not go out when the weather is bad, especially when it is snowing or raining. When walking outside, you should pay attention to the traffic conditions on the road, and use crosswalks to cross the road, and walk with the help of a cane. The elderly should be accompanied when bathing, sit on a stool when bathing, and do not stand on one leg to put on clothes. When going up and down stairs, you must hold the railing and step on the stairs. The bed for the elderly should not be high, and when you get up at night, you must turn on the light and sit in bed for a while before going down to the ground. If you get up and go to the ground, you are prone to postural hypotension, resulting in a fall and fracture. Regular exercise less fractures elderly people adhere to regular exercise, can prevent bone loss, reduce the degree of osteoporosis. By exercising muscles, it can increase the balance of the body, make people responsive and maintain good brain regulation and joint flexibility, which can reduce the occurrence of fall injuries. It is important to live a regular life, get enough sleep and keep your energy level high. In this way, the brain can be maintained during daily activities. Good responsiveness to the surrounding environment reduces the occurrence of fractures. Actively treat chronic diseases Actively treat chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, cataract, glaucoma, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cervical spondylosis, sequelae of cerebrovascular disease and various types of arthritis on time and in adequate amounts. Specific preventive measures for the elderly: 1. Actively prevent osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is not only an orthopedic disease that the elderly are prone to, but also a major factor that causes the elderly to be prone to other diseases. Osteoporosis is insidious and has a high incidence in the middle-aged and elderly population, and patients have to bear considerable medical and economic costs for a long time, so the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the decade before 2010 as the “Decade of Bone and Joint Diseases”, requiring the expected incidence of osteoporosis to be reduced to 25 percent or less. Osteoporosis is an abnormal bone metabolism disease caused by the degeneration and destruction of bone tissue microstructure and low bone mass caused by various reasons, which leads to the increase of brittleness of human bones and fractures. Low bone mass and changes in bone tissue microstructure may be the intrinsic cause of fracture susceptibility in the elderly. And older women are more prone to bone osteoporosis because of the sudden drop in estrogen level after menopause. Health education should be strengthened so that the elderly can eat a reasonable diet to increase calcium absorption and promote bone formation. Increase the intake of meat, eggs and milk in the daily diet, and increase the intake of dietary fiber and trace elements in the diet; milk and eggs can provide high-quality protein and are rich in calcium and phosphorus. Others are green vegetables, beans and soy products, fish and shrimp, seafood plants, shellfish, etc. The intake of various vitamins is also important for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Diet is an important and convenient way for us to get enough calcium and vitamin D. Clinical trials have shown that dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D can reduce the risk of fracture of vertebrae, hips and other parts of the spine, and according to the low dietary calcium in China [3], by increasing dietary calcium and vitamin D intake is currently a more feasible and cost-effective method. It is recommended to drink a bag of milk (containing 250 mg of calcium), eat 100 g of legume protein, 300-400 g of carbohydrates two, 500 g of vegetables and fruits per day, and let the skin help us get vitamin D through regular outdoor activities and sun exposure so that each person can get enough calcium (at least 800-1000 mg/d for adults) and vitamin D from food (at least 400 international units / day). 2, reasonable exercise to strengthen personal protection: cold weather in winter and spring, sudden changes in climate, the human body is not easy to resist, low sunlight exposure, especially in the northern areas of the ground more snow, easy to freeze, resulting in hard ground slippery road, the elderly mostly fall and fractures. This is the main objective reason why the elderly are prone to spring diseases in winter. According to relevant research, adequate outdoor activities are related to the formation of peak bone mass in human body. Therefore, it is advocated that the elderly take reasonable exercise to increase bone formation and promote calcium absorption, but reasonable exercise is not the same as strenuous exercise. In many cases, inappropriate exercise can cause bone damage to patients and aggravate orthopedic diseases. Patients who experience fractures should not be afraid to exercise and exercise for rehabilitation, and reasonable exercise significantly increases functional recovery and reduces disability. For example, patients with general vertebral compression fractures have chronic back pain due to extensor tension, overload and tension in the back muscles during rehabilitation, and exercise can significantly enhance muscle endurance. Exercise can also avoid curvature of the spine and various forced body positions. If a patient with a fracture feels that his or her own exercise is no longer dangerous, a higher level of exercise can be performed under the direction of a physician. As people age, the physiological functions of the elderly gradually decline, some of them suffer from various diseases, and most of them have reduced body reaction and balance abilities, making them prone to falls and injuries [4]. Therefore, the elderly should usually pay attention to wear shoes with high friction to prevent slippery roads and falls, and the elderly with walking difficulties should usually use crutches and other assistive devices; the housing structure of the elderly should be as simple as possible, pay attention to bright room light, anti-slip and moisture-proof floor tiles, and increase the number of support blocks and other settings in the elderly living area; in spring and winter, pay attention to snow and ice removal, and increase the external environmental precautions to ensure that the elderly travel and daily life The safety of the elderly. 3, active treatment of primary diseases: most elderly patients suffer from diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, tumors, gastrointestinal diseases, these diseases themselves can affect the functions of the human body, thus affecting the metabolic function of the human body. Meanwhile, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, tumors, and gastrointestinal diseases seriously affect the quality of life of patients. The primary diseases of elderly patients, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, tumors, and gastrointestinal diseases, should be actively treated to improve the physical quality of the elderly and prevent orthopedic diseases. In conclusion, elderly people are prone to orthopedic diseases, active prevention of osteoporosis, reasonable diet, strengthening protection and active treatment of primary diseases can prevent orthopedic diseases in the elderly.