The causes of swollen and painful gums in five-year-old children include systemic factors, factors of the tooth itself, periodontal causes, etc. 1. Systemic factors: when the resistance is low, the gums may suddenly feel swollen and painful. 2. Dental factors: When pulpitis develops further, it can lead to periapical inflammation and even spread to the alveolar bone, resulting in red, swollen and painful gums. 3. Periodontal reasons: when the oral cleaning is not in place, the accumulation of plaque, or even the formation of dental calculus, which in turn leads to inflammation of the gums, leading to the symptoms of swollen and painful gums. Usually should pay attention to the adjustment of the state of the whole body, the health of the whole body and oral health is closely related, to maintain a good state of mind and body is very critical. Attention should be paid to the daily diet, avoid too cold, too hot and other stimulating food, in order to prevent damage to the teeth. Master the correct brushing method and use fluoride toothpaste to maintain good oral hygiene, avoid plaque formation and reduce the risk of dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. If your child feels unwell, he or she should go to the hospital in time to avoid delaying the condition or triggering adverse reactions.