Head and neck cancer is relatively rare in Europe and America, accounting for about 4% of cancer patients in the United States, but more common in China, accounting for about 19%-30% of systemic malignant tumors. It refers to all malignant tumors from the base of the skull to the clavicle and in front of the cervical spine, including those in the soft tissues of the head and face, ear, nose, throat, mouth, salivary glands, soft tissues of the neck and thyroid gland, and generally does not include intracranial, cervical spine and intraocular tumors. The treatment of head and neck malignant tumors faces the problems of local recurrence and distant metastasis, organ function and aesthetic requirements in its biological behavior due to its unique anatomical structure and regional lymph node metastasis pattern, and the success rate of treatment after local recurrence is low and the prognosis after distant metastasis is poor. Due to the development of head and neck plastic surgery and chemotherapy and radiotherapy in recent decade, the cure rate of head and neck cancer is about 40% to 70%, with thyroid cancer, parotid cancer and laryngeal cancer having better efficacy and hypopharyngeal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer having the worst. The most common pathological types of head and neck cancer are squamous carcinoma of various degrees of differentiation, followed by various types of adenocarcinoma, while undifferentiated carcinoma and sarcoma are less common. Surgery and radiotherapy have a high cure rate for early stage patients (T1-2 N0), with a 5-year survival rate of 70% to 90%, but most patients are already in advanced stage (T3-4 N1-3) when first diagnosed, while tumors in certain anatomical areas, such as hypopharyngeal cancer, even if the cervical lymph nodes are negative, often have occult and microscopic metastases. Surgery and/or radiotherapy alone cannot solve the problem of local recurrence and distant metastasis in these patients, with a local recurrence rate of 50%-60%, a distant metastasis rate of 20%-30%, a 5-year survival rate of 0-60%, and a less than 10% chance of achieving cure or long-term palliative treatment with surgery or radiotherapy again as relief. Biological therapy emerged in the early 80s, head and neck cancer is often used as a model for local immunotherapy, although the clinical efficacy is not certain, biochemotherapy combined with chemotherapy is a clinical hot spot. molecular targeted therapy proposed in the late 90s is transitioning medical oncology treatment from traditional chemotherapy to targeted therapy era in this century, targeted therapy for different targets Drug therapy for head and neck malignant tumors is another clinical hotspot in the treatment of head and neck malignant tumors.