As our people’s living standards improve and their health awareness grows, regular annual health checkups have become routine. Also, due to advances in medical examination technology, some information and abnormal changes that are not normally known during routine examinations are thus detected, such as lung nodules are often found during medical checkups. This has both advantages and disadvantages for those who undergo medical checkups. Why is that? On the one hand, it is significant for early detection of early lesions and early correct and effective treatment. Many early stage lung cancer patients are detected through physical examinations and can achieve a very good “tumor-free survival” after active treatment. On the other hand, for some patients who underwent physical examination, from the day they were informed of the nodules in their lungs, they were “worried about the cancer” and “anxious”. On the other hand, for some patients who underwent medical checkups, from the day they were informed of the nodules in their lungs, they were “worried about cancer”, “anxious”, “unable to eat”, “unable to sleep at night”, as if the sky was about to fall! From then on, they fall into “worrying about cancer and fearing cancer”, and their daily life and work are greatly disturbed and tangled, in this sense, it is called a disadvantage. In fact, it is not necessary to be so nervous when lung nodules are found in medical checkups, but it should be taken seriously. From a professional point of view, lung nodules mostly refer to lesions with a maximum diameter of 3cm or less. Generally, the smaller the diameter of the nodule, the smaller the possibility of cancer, and conversely, the larger the diameter, the greater the possibility of cancer. Therefore, for nodules with diameter less than 8mm, age less than 40 years old, especially those with smooth edges or central calcification, the possibility of cancer is small; however, for nodules with diameter 8-20mm, age 40-55 years old or above, and long-term smoking history, if the edges are not smooth and have frosted glass-like appearance, the possibility of cancer is large; for nodules with diameter greater than 20mm, age 55 years old or above, and long-term heavy smoking, the possibility of cancer is large. If the diameter is larger than 20mm, the age is above 55 years, heavy long-term smoking, or there is a family history of lung cancer, and there are lobes and burrs on the edge of the lesion, and the nodule is solid or the solid component is above 50%, cancer should be highly suspected. Therefore, if lung nodules are found, first of all, professional respiratory physicians, especially those specializing in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, should be consulted for the above-mentioned assessment, and then appropriate follow-up measures should be taken according to the specific situation. For the cases with low possibility of cancer, most of them can be followed up and dynamically observed; while for the latter two cases, corresponding treatment measures should be taken as soon as possible, and the first priority is to clarify the diagnosis as soon as possible. The specific period of follow-up dynamic observation depends on the possibility of cancer in lung nodules, the possibility of surgery and the existence of high-risk factors for lung cancer. Generally speaking, for those who do not have high risk factors for lung cancer but are eligible for surgery, if the nodule is less than 4mm, annual low-dose CT follow-up is sufficient; if it is 4-6mm, re-evaluation within 12 months, and if there is no change, annual follow-up is sufficient; if the diameter reaches 6-8mm, follow-up evaluation within 6-12 months, and if there is no change, re-evaluation within 18-24 months, and if there is still no change, annual follow-up is sufficient. For lung nodules with a diameter of 8 mm or more, the standard follow-up frequency is once in 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, and if there is no change, then once a year thereafter. For those who have high risk factors for lung cancer and are eligible for surgery, different follow-up frequencies should be adopted depending on the density and size of the nodules, which requires close follow-up and careful evaluation by professional doctors. The above follow-up dynamic observation also depends on the specific psychological ability of the patient. If the patient’s psychological ability is good and the nodule does not cause too much trouble, the above follow-up measures can be taken; on the contrary, if the nodule lesion has become a knot in the patient’s psyche and has seriously interfered with the patient’s daily life and work, it is recommended that it be surgically explored and removed as soon as possible. Otherwise, the patient may suffer from psychiatric disorders and lose sight of the other.