Thickening of the bowel wall in the descending part of the duodenum with a little peripheral exudation and enlarged lymph nodes next to the head of the pancreas belong to the description of the corresponding regional lesions in the imaging examination, and the main causes of the corresponding lesions include inflammation and tumors. In the descending part of duodenum, inflammation will cause corresponding changes, mainly thickening of the intestinal wall, edema, peripheral exudation, acute inflammatory stimulation will cause the peripheral lymph nodes to increase in size, resulting in corresponding changes, which can be relieved through anti-inflammatory treatment. Tumors in the descending part of the duodenum, resulting in invasion of the surrounding tissues and accompanied by local lymph node metastasis, will also have corresponding changes, which need to be controlled by surgery and radiotherapy after diagnosis of the disease. In addition, the above situation may also be caused by acute pancreatitis, pancreatic tumors, etc. It is recommended that people with this situation should consult a doctor in time, improve the examination to clarify the cause and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.