Helicobacter pylori, or Hp for short, is the most common bacterium found in the human stomach. More than half of the world’s population has been infected with H. pylori, and in some countries, almost 90% of the population has been infected with this bacterium. This bacterial infection first causes chronic gastritis and leads to gastric ulcers and gastric atrophy and, in severe cases, to gastric cancer. Since Hp is an important pathogenic factor in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer, increasing the risk of gastric cancer, it is recommended that patients with gastritis and gastric ulcer should be checked for H. pylori, and if they have the infection (positive result), they should be treated regularly and be rechecked to see if it is killed, even after several courses of treatment. The following categories of people who are found to be positive for H. pylori must be treated: peptic ulcers (gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers), early postoperative gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, chronic gastritis with gastric mucosal atrophy and erosion. Treatment is recommended for the following categories: planned long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin or bye aspirin, chronic gastritis with dyspeptic symptoms, family history of gastric cancer, unexplained iron deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), other Hp-related gastric diseases (lymphocytic gastritis, Menetrier’s disease, gastric hyperplastic polyps). There are various screening and treatment options, and patients are advised to seek treatment at regular hospital gastroenterology specialists. Hp infection is a public health problem. The key to preventing H. pylori infection is to keep the “disease from the mouth”. If you want to wash your hands before and after meals, it is wise to share meals when eating in groups, and when you have H. pylori patients at home, you should temporarily share meals until you are completely cured.