With the development of social economy and the improvement of people’s living standard, the issue of male reproductive health is also attracting more and more attention. Testosterone (testosterone, T) is the main circulating androgen in the body and is closely related to men’s health, and plays an important role in male sex differentiation and development, secondary sexual characteristics, reproductive tract function and sexual function. The role of T Although a growing body of research suggests that testosterone acts almost everywhere in the body. A review by Professor Abraham Morgentaler of Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts, USA, analyzed the relationship between testosterone deficiency and cardiovascular disease mortality and confirmed that testosterone also plays an important role in the cardiovascular system. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of testosterone therapy, including reductions in mortality, prognostic risk of acute myocardial infarction and myocardial infarction rates, cardiovascular disease and overall mortality due to high endogenous testosterone levels. Randomized controlled trials confirmed the benefit of testosterone in men with coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure, and testosterone deficiency in men with improvements in some cardiovascular risk factors, such as fat mass and glycemic control. The data do not support the notion that testosterone treatment is associated with increased cardiovascular risk or death. Decades of extensive evidence suggests that low serum testosterone levels can increase risk, as can high endogenous testosterone levels and testosterone therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk. A study by Weitao Song’s team from the Division of Urology at Baylor College of Medicine in Texas showed that normal physiological levels of androgens can inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in vitro, yet very low levels of androgens are necessary for prostate cancer cells to begin to grow. For more than 70 years, it has been generally accepted that very low doses of serum androgen levels can suppress prostate cancer, while increased androgen levels can promote the growth of prostate cancer. However, many recent studies have questioned this conventional wisdom. In this study, two intermediate high prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and MDA PCa 2b) PCa cells were treated with different levels of androgens for 10 or 20 days, and then cell growth was assayed using a crystal violet mitogenic assay. The results showed that the effect of androgens on prostate cancer cell proliferation showed a biphasic pattern, with 0.23 ng ml-1 of androgens optimally and effectively promoting LNCaP cell proliferation and 1-2 ng ml-1 of androgens optimally and effectively promoting MDA PCa 2b cells. Both optimal androgen levels are within the range of physiological concentrations of androgens in adult males (<2.4 ng ml-1). In lower ranges than the optimal androgen levels, increasing androgen concentrations promote prostate cancer cell proliferation. However, in the range above the optimal concentration, increasing androgen concentrations inhibited the proliferation of frontal carcinoma in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, it is necessary to check testosterone in patients with developmental abnormalities, infertility, sexual dysfunction, late-onset hypogonadism (LOH), prostate disease, and especially in patients with cardiovascular disease, depression, and osteoporosis.