Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by impaired purine metabolism. The diagnostic criteria are two fasting blood uric acid levels on non-same day under normal purine diet status: more than 420 μmol/L (7.0 mg/dl) in men and more than 360 μmol/L (6.0 mg/dl) in women. 2017 multidisciplinary consensus in China defines blood uric acid level >420 μmol (7 mg/dl) as hyperuricemia. Because this concentration is the saturation concentration of uric acid in the blood, above which urate can be deposited in the tissues, causing histological changes in gout. Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism, so hyperuricemia is directly related to purine metabolism. The main causes of hyperuricemia are either excessive uric acid production or decreased uric acid excretion by the kidneys. Increased production of uric acid is mainly due to excessive intake of high purine foods or due to high purine metabolism in the body. Foods high in purines include animal liver, kidneys, anchovies and so on. In addition, psoriasis, leukemia, and malignant tumor radiation and chemotherapy can all cause enhanced purine metabolism. All of these causes can cause increased uric acid production. Uric acid excretion is reduced, and two-thirds of uric acid is excreted through the kidneys. Chronic renal insufficiency, renal tubular disease, diabetes mellitus, uremia, hypertension, starvation ketosis, acidosis (lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis), lead poisoning, beryllium poisoning, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and certain drugs or substances (e.g., small doses of aspirin, diuretics) can cause decreased uric acid excretion. Alcohol can both increase uric acid production and decrease uric acid excretion. Hyperuricemia can cause gouty arthritis, first in the first metatarsophalangeal joint, with a rapid onset and long-term recurrent attacks that can form gout stones. It can also cause kidney lesions, such as uric acid kidney stones and acute uric acid nephropathy, which can lead to acute kidney failure. Therefore, hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease that requires active treatment to maintain a normal life and work.