Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment disorder, whose pathology is based on the entrapment of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel of the wrist, with an incidence of approximately 0.4%. The main pathogenic factors include local, systemic and postural factors. Women are the biggest victims of carpal tunnel syndrome because the carpal tunnel is usually smaller in women than in men and the median nerve is easily compressed. And prolonged maintenance hemodialysis can lead to amyloidosis of the patient’s tendons, ligaments and other tissues, resulting in the same symptoms as carpal tunnel syndrome. Common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include abnormal sensation and/or numbness in the areas of median nerve innervation (thumb, index finger, middle finger and radial half of the ring finger). Nocturnal finger numbness is many times the first symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome, and many patients experience nocturnal finger numbness awakening. In many patients, the discomfort of numbness in the fingers can be relieved to some extent by changing the position of the upper extremity or by shaking the hand. Patients may also experience increased finger numbness during the day by engaging in certain activities, such as needlework, driving, holding a phone for long periods of time or reading with a book in hand for long periods of time. Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome requires a combination of physical and laboratory tests. Nerve conduction tests and electromyography results can help determine the diagnosis, rule out other neurological disorders, and reflect the severity of the compression, which is an important reference for the development of an appropriate treatment strategy. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, conservative treatment methods such as rest, braking, and bracing can be used first, and if conservative treatment options do not relieve the patient’s symptoms, surgical treatment should be considered. If long-term hemodialysis patients experience hand numbness and hand pain, especially if they wake up with numbness at night, they must be alert to hemodialysis-related “carpal tunnel syndrome” and go to the surgeon in time to avoid delaying the condition and causing serious consequences.