Surgery is one of the main treatment options for breast cancer. There are various surgical procedures, but the general trend is to minimize surgical damage and to preserve the shape of the breast as much as possible for patients with early stage breast cancer, if the equipment allows. Regardless of the surgical procedure, the principle of radical treatment and preservation of function and appearance must be strictly controlled. 1.Radical surgery for breast cancer The primary focus and regional lymph nodes should be excised as a whole; all breast glands and pectoralis major and minor muscles should be excised; axillary lymph nodes should be excised as a whole and completely. 2.Expanded radical surgery for breast cancer Expanded radical surgery for breast cancer includes radical surgery for breast cancer, i.e. radical surgery and internal breast lymph node removal, i.e. removal of lymph nodes between 1 and 4 ribs, and in this case, the cartilage of the second, third and fourth ribs should be removed. The former is more traumatic and has more complications, so the latter is mostly used. 3.Imitative radical surgery (modified radical surgery) is mainly used for non-invasive cancer or stage I invasive cancer. It can also be applied to those who do not have obvious axillary lymph node enlargement at stage II. 4.Simple mastectomy As an old procedure, it was once replaced by radical breast cancer surgery. In recent years, with the development of breast cancer biology, total mastectomy has regained importance. Its indications: First, for early cases with non-invasive or axillary lymph nodes without metastasis, it can be performed without radiotherapy after surgery. Secondly, for locally more advanced breast cancer with simple excision followed by radiation therapy. If we look at the increasing cosmetic requirements, total mastectomy still requires complex breast reconstruction. It will not be suitable for early stage disease in young and middle-aged women. Therefore, its main indications should be limited to the elderly and frail or certain advanced cases where only palliative resection can be performed. In recent years, due to the progress of radiotherapy equipment, the discovery of lesions earlier than before and the patient’s demand for better postoperative quality of life, there are many conservative surgical methods of less than total mastectomy reported. The surgical approach is from local excision to l/4 mastectomy, and some postoperative radiation therapy is applied.