Abdominal aortic aneurysms are a common and dangerous form of arterial extension disease. It is complex to treat and has a poor prognosis if it ruptures. An abdominal aortic aneurysm is defined as a focal pathological dilatation of the abdominal aorta when the diameter of the aorta exceeds 1.5 times that of the normal abdominal aorta. The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms ranges from 30 per 1,000 to 66 per 1,000, and has increased threefold in the last 30 years. In China, the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms is on the rise with the aging of the population, changes in diet and increased detection methods. It is noteworthy that there is a tendency for aneurysms to be multiple, with approximately 83% of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms having aneurysms of other sites, such as the iliac, internal iliac, and femoral arteries. In the United States, about 15,000 people die from abdominal aortic aneurysms each year, accounting for 13 times the number of causes of death, and Estes followed up 102 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms for 5 years and found that their 5-year survival rate was about 12%, of which more than 60% died from abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. The disease is also a cause of sudden death in people over 65 years of age, and is therefore commonly referred to as an “untimely bomb” in the abdomen. Risk factors for developing abdominal aortic aneurysm are male, old age, family history, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Of these, smoking and family history are the most important, while hypertension is a risk factor that promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. The age of predilection for abdominal aortic dissection averages 76 years for men and 81 years for women. Most people with abdominal aortic aneurysms are asymptomatic; some report a throbbing sensation in the abdomen, and some patients who are thin may find a pulsating mass in the abdomen. Due to high arterial blood pressure, when an abdominal aortic aneurysm develops to a certain level, it can suddenly and unavoidably rupture and cause uncontrollable hemorrhage resulting in death of the patient. In 80% of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms, the bleeding is first confined to the retroperitoneal space and then breaks into the abdominal cavity as the bleeding volume increases, so the clinical manifestations are vague and complex, but the earliest symptoms are back pain and abdominal pain, often radiating to the ribs and groin area. The sudden onset of abdominal pain is considered the most dangerous signal. In some patients, the abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptures into the retroperitoneal space for several hours, days or even weeks without breaking into the peritoneal membrane, which is called “encapsulated” rupture. About 20% of abdominal aortic aneurysms rupture directly into the abdominal cavity, manifesting as sudden shock, and some patients die of hemorrhagic shock before they can reach the hospital. Ultrasound is a simple, non-invasive, inexpensive and reproducible test that can clearly show more than 98% of abdominal aortic aneurysms below the level of the renal artery, and has been used on a large scale in Europe and the United States as an early screening method for abdominal aortic aneurysms in the 1990s. When in doubt, CT, MRI and arteriography will be performed to confirm the diagnosis.