Hematuria is defined as urine red blood cells ≥3/HP (under high magnification), centrifugal urine red blood cells >5/HP, or 12-hour urine Addis count >500,000, and is a common clinical manifestation in urological diseases. The causes of hematuria include urinary tract inflammation, tuberculosis, stones or tumors, trauma, drugs, etc., and the effects on the organism vary greatly. The vast majority of uroepithelial carcinomas have painless carnal hematuria or microscopic hematuria as the first symptom, which can be manifested as: full-blown hematuria, intermittent hematuria, and sometimes accompanied by blood clots. In clinical diagnosis, intermittent painless carnal hematuria is a typical symptom of uroepithelial carcinoma. Because hematuria is often painless and intermittent and can be reduced or stopped by itself, it is easy to give patients the illusion that the disease has been cured and delay the disease. A few patients with uroepithelial carcinoma may have symptoms such as increased urination, urinary urgency and painful urination, as if they are suffering from cystitis, but treatment with antibiotics is ineffective. Patients who present painless hematuria or patients with long-term incurable cystitis should promptly seek medical attention and receive urine exfoliative cell examination. If necessary, a cystoscopy or a pathological biopsy should be taken to clarify the diagnosis.