Patient: My child’s teeth are black, what’s wrong? How can I treat it? Wang Minyong, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Second Outpatient Department, Peking University Stomatological Hospital: First of all, we suggest you to scrape the surface of the black spot with a hard object like a toothpick, if it is smooth, it may just be pigment or food residue, no need to deal with it, just need to enhance oral hygiene. If the defect can be probed, it may be a tooth decay. Since tooth replacement continues from 6 to 12 years old, most of the teeth are still early to be replaced and still need to come to the hospital for treatment. The first choice of caries treatment is filling, which is to grind out the decayed part of the tooth and then fill it with resin. If the decay is shallow, the filling will not be painful; if the decay is deeper, the process of grinding out the decayed material may be painful. If the decay is too deep and the nerve is involved, the nerve may need to be removed under local anesthesia (so it should be clear that there is a nerve in the milk tooth, and the related treatment is called root canal treatment), and this process may also need local anesthetic drugs. X-rays are required for this treatment procedure. Cooperation is a very important issue in children’s dental visits, especially in younger children. Generally, the younger the child, the lower the chances of being able to cooperate successfully with the treatment. If they cannot cooperate, other measures are needed, such as forced treatment, laughing gas or other drug sedation, general anesthesia, etc. Forced treatment is used more often, and other methods have certain indications, depending on the circumstances. What parents can do is to reduce sweets, improve oral hygiene, and expose their children to things related to dental treatment in daily life, such as visiting hospitals or watching related cartoons. The last thing to say is that if the caries is confirmed, go to the hospital for treatment in time without delay.