Are you overwhelmed by the variety of clinical checklists and do not know what to do? The following dense numbers and what they represent, more or less you must know a little! Urine routine blood routine other tests biochemical tests scattered test tips 1, glutamate aminotransferase / alanine aminotransferase SGPT / ALT (0-40U / L) ① significantly increased in the acute phase of various hepatitis drug-induced liver disease hepatocyte necrosis. ②Moderately increased in hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and heart attack. ③Mildly increased biliary obstructive disease 2, total bilirubin (T-BIL: 0-18.8umol/l) Increased total bilirubin, such as hepatocellular damage, intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary obstruction, hemolytic disease, neonatal hemolytic jaundice. 3, increased total serum protein ① dehydration such as insufficient water intake dysentery vomiting diabetic acidosis, intestinal obstruction or perforation, burns, traumatic shock, acute infectious diseases, etc. ②Multiple myeloma mononuclear cell leukemia. ③ tuberculosis, syphilis, blood protozoa, etc. 4.Lower total serum protein ① bleeding, ulcer, proteinuria, etc. ②Nutritional disorders, low protein diet, vitamin deficiency, malignancy, pernicious anemia, diabetes, pregnancy toxemia, etc. Serum albumin (ALB: 35.0~55.0G/L) is basically the same as total serum protein. 5. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 20-110U/L in adults 20-220U/L in children Increased in ① bone marrow disorders ② liver and biliary disorders ③ other hyperthyroid adenoma, hyperparathyroidism. 6, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (γ-GT) <50U/L ① significantly increased: liver cancer, obstructive jaundice, advanced cirrhosis, pancreatic head cancer ② mild to moderate increase: infectious hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis ③ alcoholism, drugs, etc. 7, cholesterol (CHO) 0-5.18mmo1/L ① for the diagnosis and analysis of hyperlipoproteinemia and abnormal lipid regular lipoproteinemia. ②For the determination of risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases. 8.Triglyceride (TG) 0～1.6mmo1/L Increase is seen in genetic factors, dietary factors, diabetes, nephrotic syndrome and hypothyroidism, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, alcoholism, etc. Decreases (below the 5th percentile of the population) are not clinically significant. Too low is seen in digestive malabsorption, chronic wasting disease, hyperthyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, substantial liver lesions, and primary beta-lipoprotein deficiency. 9, high-density lipoprotein lipid sterols (HDL-C) 16-1.55mmo1/L ① physiological elevation: exercise (such as athletes generally higher HDL-C), alcohol consumption, women taking birth control pills, some cholesterol-lowering drugs (such as Norvasc), etc. ②Physiological lowering: people who exercise less, after stress reaction. ③Pathological decrease: people with coronary heart disease, hypertriglyceridemia, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, chronic renal insufficiency, malnutrition. ④Pathologically elevated: chronic liver disease, chronic toxic diseases, hereditary hyperHDLemia. HDL cholesterol is a risk factor that is independent of total cholesterol concentration and has a high expected value. Therefore, measurement of HDL cholesterol concentration is necessary for the assessment of coronary heart disease risk. 10.Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 2.84-3.10mmol/L increase is the main risk factor for atherosclerosis. 11.Amylase (AMS) serum 0-220U/L urine <1000U/L... Increase is seen in acute pancreatitis, mumps. Decrease is seen in severe liver disease (simultaneous decrease in serum urine amylase) 12. carbon dioxide binding rate/force (CO2-Cp) 45.0-65.0 ml% Decrease is seen in metabolic acidosis or respiratory alkalosis with increased compensation, metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis with compensation. The meaning of the five indicators of hepatitis B: HBsAg, anti-HBs , HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc. the above is the " two-and-a-half " of hepatitis B, normal are negative. The following various "combinations" of positive, the meaning of the following: ① HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc (1, 3, 5 items) positive: acute or chronic hepatitis B. Commonly known as "major triple yang" . ② HBsAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc ( 1, 4, 5 items) positive: acute hepatitis B tends to recover, asymptomatic HBV (hepatitis B virus) carriers. Commonly known as "small three yang". ③ HBsAg, anti-HBc ( 1, 5 items) positive: asymptomatic HBV (hepatitis B virus) carrier, acute HBV infection. ④ Anti-HBs, anti-HBe, anti-HBc ( 2, 4, 5 items) positive: indicates recovery from infection and has acquired immunity. ⑤ Positive anti-HBe, anti-HBc ( 4, 5 items): history of previous infection, recovery from acute HBV infection. ⑥Anti-HBs( 2 items) positive: passive or active immunity, immunity to HBV (hepatitis B virus). (7) Anti-HBc ( 5 items) positive: acute HBV (hepatitis B virus) infection core window period (not yet developed but can be transmitted). Coagulation quadruple test Blood is taken for coagulation quadruple test, which includes prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (Fbg). The purpose is to know whether there are any defects in the patient's hemostatic function before the operation, so that we can prepare in advance to prevent intraoperative hemorrhage and be caught off guard. The hemostatic function of the human body is very important. When a person bleeds from an accidental injury, the hemostatic function works quickly to stop the bleeding by causing the blood to clot and block the wound to prevent massive blood loss. When a patient needs surgery, the physician must know the patient's hemostatic function in advance. If the hemostatic function is not sound, the patient may bleed profusely during the operation and even have a surgical accident or even die. 1, plasma prothrombin time (PT) is an important indicator for the diagnosis of pre-blood test status, DIC and liver disease, as a screening test for the exogenous coagulation system, and an important means of dose control for clinical oral anticoagulation therapy. Prolongation is seen in: ① Extensive and severe substantial liver injury, mainly due to impaired production of prothrombin and related various coagulation factors. VitK is required for the synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X. When VitK is insufficient, production is reduced, resulting in prolonged prothrombin time. It is also seen in obstructive jaundice. DIC (diffuse intravascular coagulation), which is caused by extensive microvascular thrombosis and consumes large amounts of coagulation factors. ④Neonatal natural bleeding disorder, congenital prothrombinogen deficiency anticoagulation therapy. Shortening is seen in: when the blood is hypercoagulable, early stage of diffuse intravascular coagulation, heart attack, cerebral thrombosis 2, prolonged prothrombin time (TT) is seen in: increased heparin or heparin-like substances, increased AT-III activity, abnormal fibrinogen quantity and quality 3, partially activated prothrombin time (APTT) reflects plasma levels of coagulation factors VIII, IX, D, Ⅻ, is a screening test for endogenous coagulation system It is a screening test for the endogenous coagulation system. APTT is commonly used to monitor heparin anticoagulation therapy. Prolongation is seen in: ① Coagulation factors VIII, Ⅸ, Ⅺ, Ⅻ deficiency ② Decrease in coagulation factors II, V, X and fibrinogen ③ Presence of anticoagulant substances such as heparin ④ Increase in fibrinogen degradation products ⑤ DIC 4. Increase in plasma fibrinogen (Fib): burns, diabetes, acute infection, acute tuberculosis, cancer, subacute bacterial endocarditis, pregnancy, pneumonia, cholecystitis, pericarditis, sepsis Nephrotic syndrome, uremia, post-acute myocardial infarction Decreased: congenital fibrinogen