Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease, and we have repeatedly emphasized its hazards in our previous science publications. Today we introduce you to the fact that if your blood pressure is not well controlled, long-term hypertension may cause some changes in the heart, which can seriously affect your quality of life and can be life-threatening in severe cases, so we hope to draw your attention to it. The heart is a pump-like organ that pumps blood through the arterial system to all organs of the body. If there is high blood pressure and it is not well controlled for a long time, the load on the heart increases. That is, the heart needs to work harder to counter the high pressure in the arterial system. Just as a person who does a lot of heavy work has more muscles, the heart compensates for this by causing hypertrophy of the cardiomyocytes and increased contractility of the heart muscle to maintain effective cardiac output. This thickening of the myocardium, also known as centripetal remodeling, is manifested by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy without an increase in number, an altered arrangement, and an increase in collagen fibers, resulting in centripetal hypertrophy. Hypertension is mainly reflected in the thickening of the left heart system. This is still the time when it can be compensated, and the symptoms are usually atypical. In addition, in patients with hypertensive heart disease, myocardial thickening can reduce myocardial relaxation and compliance, which means that the “elasticity” of the heart itself decreases, further causing a decrease in diastolic function of the heart. This decrease in diastolic function can occur early in the course of hypertensive heart disease. With the development of the disease, the end stage of hypertensive heart disease is the cardiac centripetal hypertrophy and impaired diastolic relaxation, and eventually there is a decrease in myocardial contractility, enlargement of the heart chambers, and eventually acute or chronic left heart failure of hypertensive heart disease, which is the “decompensated phase”. When the heart function is not fully compensated, the symptoms of left heart failure can appear, the milder ones only appear dyspnea after exertion, the heavier ones appear telangiectatic breathing, cardiogenic asthma, and even acute pulmonary edema; the right heart failure can occur in patients with prolonged illness and eventually lead to total heart failure. By this time, the damage to the heart has reached the end stage, and the onset of symptoms can only be delayed by medication, but not effectively reversed by heart function. The mortality rate of patients is extremely high. Hypertensive heart disease is caused by long-term elevation of blood pressure, and early lowering of blood pressure to reach the standard can prevent the occurrence and development of this disease. Long-term, regular anti-hypertensive treatment can improve the degree of damage to the hypertrophied heart and even completely restore its normal form. Therefore, once hypertension is diagnosed, it should be treated early and regularly.