Popliteal fossa pain is one of the common clinical symptoms. Generally speaking, the common causes and treatments are the following two: 1, popliteal cysts, larger fossa cysts will compress the femoral artery, causing ischemic and hypoxic changes in the lower limbs, thus causing painful discomfort symptoms. Generally speaking, the popliteal cyst can be surgically removed to relieve the compression of the cyst on the blood vessels and nerves. 2, popliteal vein thrombosis, thrombosis once formed will cause swelling and pain in the lower limbs. This is mainly because the formation of thrombus blocking the blood return to the lower limbs, and once the thrombus is dislodged, it can cause serious complications such as acute pulmonary embolism. Therefore, the patient should be given anticoagulation and dilation support treatment, and be advised to take absolute bed rest and wear elastic stockings on both lower limbs. The patient can be implanted with a venous filter to prevent serious complications such as pulmonary tamponade and cerebral infarction, and if necessary, intravenous embolization therapy can be given.