(A) Artificial hip joint: When people’s hip bone and joint suffered some disease or trauma damage and can not be repaired by other methods of treatment, can consider the destruction of the bone and joint surface removal, and then use artificial materials to replace, so as to restore the normal joint relationship. This is the artificial hip joint. There are many types of artificial hip joints: total joints (both surfaces of the joint are artificial materials), half joints; titanium artificial joints, stainless steel, cobalt chromium f, and polyethylene artificial joints; cemented and uncemented. Pure titanium, titanium alloy, or cobalt alloy, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and ceramics are currently commonly used artificial joint materials. Artificial hip joint can be said to be one of the greatest advances in the field of orthopedics in the last century, and has been fully recognized after more than 30 years of clinical practice. Replacing a joint damaged by disease or tumor with a prosthesis to address pain, deformity and dysfunction, especially pain is a proven treatment that is widely used at home and abroad. Artificial hip joints, if used normally, have more than 95% of cases more than 15 years. So the patient’s age selection is on the older side. Generally choose 60~75 years old as the best age. However, with the development of artificial joint technology and improved surgical techniques, age is no longer the primary consideration. Joint replacement can be performed from 20 to 100 years of age, and it is mainly up to the surgeon to make a comprehensive evaluation based on the lesion, pain, functional impact and health status, and to make a recommendation for surgery. It is also recommended that patients maintain an ideal body weight and avoid strenuous activities to minimize wear and tear of the artificial joints and the possibility of future replacements. Patients with high blood pressure, heart disease and diabetes that are normal or near normal under medication control and without complications are eligible for hip replacement. However, patients need to be hospitalized after the doctor’s preoperative examination and evaluation before considering surgery. There may also be complications in the perioperative period of the artificial hip joint. This is like a pedestrian crossing the street, crossing the street and the accident is very few, there are complications are also very few. For example, dislocation, venous thrombosis, fracture, infection, pneumonia, decubitus ulcer, urinary tract infection and so on. It is the daily job of medical professionals to minimize these accidents and risks as much as possible. But once complications occur, they will be disastrous. (ii) Main indications for artificial hip joint: osteoarthritis, femoral head necrosis, congenital hip dislocation, osteoarthritis of the hip joint, fracture of the neck of the femur, rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic osteoarthritis, benign and malignant bone tumors, ankylosing spondylitis. (C) Pre-operative preparation for artificial hip joint: (1) Anti-inflammatory analgesic and similar painkillers are prohibited for 1 week before surgery (for fear of bleeding). (2) Practice urination and defecation in bed (needed after surgery). (3) Side-lying training, armpit pads and soft pillows (required during surgery). (4) Isometric training of gluteal muscles and quadriceps muscles (required during postoperative bed rest). (5) Prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT.): a. Preoperative and postoperative lower extremity vascular ultrasound exploration (deep vein tethering); b. Plasma D-dimer measurement: the diagnostic value of D-dimer in vascular embolic disease has yet to be determined, and most studies have concluded that plasma D-dimer ≤ 500 μg/L basically excludes the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. However, plasma D-dimer ≤500 μg/L is only highly suggestive of vascular embolism, but is not sufficient to confirm the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. c. Low molecular heparin sodium 2500u subcutaneous injection (H) 1 hour before surgery, once/day (qd) for 5-7 days. If rivaroxaban is used, it can be given orally for 35 consecutive days until DVT is less likely to occur. If using “Sulpiride” 0.3ml (2850iu)/day for 10 days, starting 12h before or after surgery, or 2h before surgery. (6) Antibiotic prophylaxis: a group of antibiotics (according to the half-life, choose the 1st-2nd generation of cephalosporins…) should be given by intravenous drip 0.5-2 hours before surgery. . An additional set should be given if the procedure lasts more than three hours/ or if the bleeding exceeds 1500ML. Keep antibiotics covered until 4 hours after the procedure. stop antibiotics within 24 hours. To give antibiotics in sufficient quantity and quickly, 100-150 ml of lysate is sufficient. (7) Intraoperative replacement of the skin incision knife and replacement of the suction head (anti-infective). (8) For those who have been taking rifampicin for a long time to lower blood pressure, the drug should be stopped for 1-2 weeks before anesthesia is performed in elective surgery. Risperdal belongs to the adrenergic neuron blocking antihypertensive drugs, and achieves its antihypertensive effect by depleting the adrenaline in the peripheral sympathetic nerve endings and the catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the heart, brain and other tissues. Patients are very sensitive to the cardiovascular depressant effects of anesthetics and are prone to severe hypotension and heart rate slowing, which is especially pronounced with intrathecal anesthesia. As the patient’s body is depleted of catecholamines, indirect sympathetic agonists such as ephedrine and dopamine have a poor antihypertensive effect. (9) Preoperative cardiac ultrasound. It mainly checks whether there is any abnormality in the morphology of the heart and whether the heart function is normal. Cardiac color ultrasound is the only instrument that can dynamically display the structure of the heart chambers, the heart’s beat and blood flow without any damage to the human body. The heart probe is like the lens of a camera. The probe is placed in front of the chest and moved back and forth, and with the rotation of the probe, the various structures of the heart are clearly displayed on the screen.