Epilepsy is not an independent disease, but a group of diseases or syndromes. The causes of seizures are very complex, and depending on the cause, epilepsy can be divided into the following three main categories: 1. Idiopathic epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes. They are mainly caused by genetic mutations and certain congenital factors, with a clear genetic predisposition, and include many epilepsies whose etiology is still unknown. They often develop at a particular age with partial or generalized seizures, have characteristic clinical and EEG manifestations, have clear diagnostic criteria, and have good drug efficacy. 2. Symptomatic epilepsy and epilepsy syndrome. Caused by various clear or possible CNS pathologies, such as structural brain abnormalities and various etiologies affecting brain function, such as congenital malformations, craniocerebral injuries, CNS infections, poisoning, brain tumors, cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Genetics may play a role and the efficacy is poor. 3. Cryptogenic epilepsy. More common, clinical manifestations suggest symptomatic epilepsy, but no clear etiology is found. It can develop at a particular age, but without characteristic clinical and EEG manifestations. In addition, age, genetic factors, hyperthermia, hypoxia; endocrine alterations, electrolyte disturbances, drug overdose, long-term alcohol withdrawal, and lack of sleep are closely associated with seizures and can induce or exacerbate seizures in some cases, called precipitating factors. As mentioned above, the causes of epilepsy are intricate and complex, and there are many factors that affect seizures. Recurrent seizures can cause great damage to the patient’s body functions, and patients with epilepsy should be seen and treated in a timely manner to maintain or restore their physiological and social functions.