The first stage: The initial method: sternal lift, and rib cartilage excision or cut (Rvititch), sternumturnover Disadvantages: these procedures need to do thoracic, rib osteotomy, surgery needs to cut or remove the deformed rib cartilage and sternum, and then re-suture, surgery takes 4-6 hours, bleeding, long surgical incision, trauma, and The surgery takes 4-6 hours, bleeds a lot, has a long incision, is traumatic, and destroys a lot of muscles and cartilage, and destroys the blood flow of the patient’s sternum, which is prone to sternal necrosis, infection, and even recurrence of funnel chest, and the surgery is performed in the middle of the chest, which is relatively exposed and unattractive, and traumatizes the patient’s heart, and has a high rate of postoperative complications and recurrence. The second stage: In 1970, Wada reported the sternal reversal: free the sternum, cut the rib cartilage, turn the sternum 180 degrees and break the intercostal muscles, transect the sternum at 2 intercostal levels, ligate the internal breast artery and vein, flip the sternum, and fix the deformation with sutures after correcting the chipping. Advantages: Compared with open chest sawing, the surgical incision is smaller, the operation time is shorter, bleeding is less, the removal of rib cartilage or sternum is not required, the chest extension, flexibility and elasticity are maintained, and the number of hospital days is shortened. In addition to improving cardiopulmonary function, it also corrects the position of the sternum and ribs, resulting in an upright chest after surgery. Disadvantages: However, the Nuss procedure has major defects, mainly intraoperative plate flipping can cause huge lacerations to the soft tissues of the chest wall, and plate re-flipping during plate removal can cause secondary injury to the intercostal muscles (see figure), therefore, many doctors carry out this procedure while continuously trying to make deep technical improvements to it. Disadvantage: It is the incidence of postoperative sternal necrosis and sinus tract formation up to 46% in children over 15 years of age. Phase III: 1998 traditional (NUSS surgery) first clinical Disadvantages: NUSS surgery has major defects, intraoperative plate flip will cause huge lacerations of the chest wall soft tissues, removal of the plate of the plate in this flip will cause secondary injury to the intercostal muscles. Phase IV: Thoracoscopic three-hole orthopedic surgery 2000 (NUSS) development The general application of TV thoracoscopic technology in the field of surgery, followed by the development of three-hole minimally invasive funnel chest plate and orthopedic surgery, its small incision, fast surgery, without the removal of rib cartilage or sternum, and can maintain chest extension, flexibility and elasticity, in addition to improving cardiopulmonary function, can also correct the position of the sternum and rib cage, when the thorax It can also correct the position of the sternum and rib cage, and make the chest straight. It is called the revolution of chest wall orthopedic surgery. Stage 5: Single-hole orthopedic surgery 2011 The procedure of funnel chest surgery: Only 1-2 cm incision is needed on the right side of the chest wall of the child, no incision is made on the left side of the chest wall, no penetrator is needed for the surgery, reducing the damage to the human body, only one penetration of the titanium plate is needed, without cutting the sternum and ribs, the depressed sternum can be propped up. The surgery takes only 10 minutes and is minimally invasive, which helps the surgeon to control the safety of the patient. How can the heart and lungs be easily damaged when taking out the “traditional plate”? How not to damage the heart and lungs, choose the new titanium plate. Can the specially treated titanium plate be non-rejecting and free of sequelae? Single-port surgery is possible for patients under 12 years of age with funnel chest, and for patients over 12 years of age, single-port surgery is possible depending on the characteristics of the sternum and the symmetry of the depression.