Most of the nodules formed after TB cure are proliferative nodules, which belong to the category of benign nodules and do not require special treatment, but only dynamic review of chest CT to understand their stability. After standardized treatment, TB is not likely to recur. However, patients with long-term smoking, underlying diseases, including bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and especially diabetes mellitus, are prone to TB recurrence. Therefore, if a diabetic patient has proliferative nodules are more likely to have recurrent attacks and tuberculosis activity leading to reoccurrence of tuberculosis. Therefore, nodules formed after the cure of pulmonary tuberculosis, not larger than 3 cm are considered tuberculous proliferative nodules, which have no special clinical significance and do not require treatment. If the nodules are significantly enlarged, accompanied by short burrs, lobulation, pleural pulling sign, pleural depression sign, etc., we should be alert to the early occurrence of lung cancer changes. Further chest enhancement CT examination is needed to assess whether early lung cancer has occurred, and if necessary, a thoracic surgeon should be consulted for surgical treatment. In conclusion, the nodules formed after the cure of tuberculosis are mostly proliferative nodules, which are benign lesions and can be dynamically observed.