High-risk neonates are newborns who have developed or are at risk of developing critical illnesses that require monitoring. It is common for mothers to have a history of medical conditions such as diabetes or chronic cardiopulmonary disease, a history of high-risk maternal pregnancy such as gestational hypertension syndrome or placental abruption, a history of high-risk deliveries such as emergency or obstructed labor, and a history of premature birth or asphyxia of the newborn. Compared to adults, the neonatal vascular system is more sensitive to pressure changes hypoxia, and high-risk neonates are more susceptible to fundic hemorrhage due to multiple factors that affect infant cerebrovascular hemodynamics, putting them at increased risk for brain damage. Risk factors for fundus retinal hemorrhage include maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, obstructed labor at birth, neonatal asphyxia and ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy, and low birth weight.