Patients with leukemia can undergo bone marrow transplantation. Leukemia is a malignant hematologic disease, and the main clinical treatments currently available are combination chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Bone marrow transplantation includes autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 1. Among them, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is to extract the normal hematopoietic stem cells of the patient himself and then infuse them into the patient’s own body, so as to restore the normal hematopoietic function of the patient’s bone marrow. 2. Allogeneic HSCT refers to the extraction of hematopoietic stem cells from a bone marrow donor that matches the patient, and then infusing them into the patient’s body to achieve the purpose of treating leukemia. Not all leukemia patients require bone marrow transplantation, and not all leukemia patients can undergo bone marrow transplantation. For example, patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia can be completely cured by double induction chemotherapy (arsenic trioxide and retinoic acid) and may not undergo bone marrow transplantation. Elderly patients or those who cannot be relieved by induction chemotherapy are not suitable for bone marrow transplantation, and even if they are reluctant to undergo bone marrow transplantation, the success rate will be low, and the probability of relapse will be high. It is recommended that leukemia patients go to the hematology department for a comprehensive evaluation of their condition by hematologists to determine whether they are suitable for bone marrow transplantation and to formulate a suitable treatment plan for them.