Patients with kidney disease have certain dietary requirements due to the characteristics of the disease, and even in the different stages of kidney disease diet is very different. The diet of kidney disease patients is briefly described as follows: 1. Protein intake. For patients with chronic renal insufficiency need to limit protein intake, which can reduce nitrogen retention in the blood and reduce the burden on the kidneys, thus delaying the process of chronic renal failure. It is generally advocated that the daily protein intake should be 0.4-0.6g/kg of body weight, and high quality protein should be used, with clinical options such as lean meat, black fish, carp, sea cucumber, poultry eggs, etc., but not animal liver, kidney, heart, fish eggs, etc., and less soy, barley, corn, etc. The protein intake of patients with nephrotic syndrome also has certain requirements, neither strict control of protein intake, nor excessive emphasis on high-protein diet, because the continued low plasma protein can cause a decrease in resistance, prone to infection, recurring edema, aggravating the disease, while a high-protein diet can cause glomerular hyperfiltration, which in the long run promotes glomerulosclerosis. At present, it is advocated that patients with nephrotic syndrome with normal kidney function, the daily protein intake of 1g/kg body weight is appropriate, and it should be mainly high-quality protein. 2, the intake of fat. Food selection of fats, cholesterol content is low. For patients with kidney disease who have renal insufficiency or elevated blood lipids. 3, the intake of calories. Increase the number of meals in the diet, increase the number of snacks, sweets and sugars. Applicable to patients with chronic nephritis, chronic renal failure without diabetes mellitus with kidney disease. 4.Low salt diet. Food containing less than 5 grams of salt per day is low salt, applicable to acute and chronic kidney disease suffering from edema and hypertension. 5.Water intake. Patients with kidney disease do not need to control the intake of water if they do not have edema, but patients with edema should grasp the intake of water mainly according to the amount of urine and the degree of edema, in general, if edema is obvious, in addition to food, water intake is best limited to 500-800ml/day is more appropriate. After suffering from urinary tract infection, in order to avoid and reduce the stay and reproduction of bacteria in the urinary tract, patients should drink more water and urinate more often to achieve the purpose of frequent flushing of the bladder and urethra. Dietary principles for patients with uremia 1. Ensure energy intake. If protein intake is insufficient, it will lead to myogenic fiber decomposition and muscle reduction; if both protein and calorie intake are insufficient, in order to ensure the energy supply of important organs in the body, it will lead to reduced protein synthesis and increased myosin decomposition and more elevated blood creatinine. Therefore, patients have sufficient caloric intake which is the most basic principle of uremic diet, and it is generally believed that energy intake should be 104-146 kJ per kg. 2, not dialysis treatment phase of uremic patients, should be given a high-quality low protein diet. On the one hand, it can reduce the symptoms of uremia, and on the other hand, it can delay the progressive deterioration of renal function in chronic renal failure. It is generally believed that a daily protein intake of 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight can maintain the patient’s nitrogen balance. If the essential amino acids are also supplemented, protein can be limited to a lower level. 65%-75% of protein should be high-quality animal protein and distributed among three meals. Food should be mainly milk, eggs and other proteins and wheat starch, and limit the proportion of vegetable protein. 3. Patients undergoing dialysis phase should not restrict protein intake too strictly. On the one hand, dialysis replaces the excretory function of the kidneys, and on the other hand, dialysis itself is a process of protein consumption and loss, so the protein in the diet of hemodialysis patients should be maintained at 1.0-1.2 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, and 1.2-1.5 grams for patients on abdominal dialysis, so that the patients can maintain a good nutritional status. Patients in the dialysis phase, especially those with poor gastric function and elderly patients, can eat some tofu (within 1 tael) to supplement protein, and tofu is no longer a prohibited food in this period. But miscellaneous beans are still cautious food, mainly high potassium and phosphorus. 4, in addition to this, should also pay attention to the following points: (1) low urine volume should limit water and sodium intake, the general amount of salt less than 5 grams per day. In case of obvious edema, hypertension and heart failure, water and sodium intake should be strictly controlled. (2) Control potassium intake according to blood potassium level and urine output so that it is below 2.5 grams per day, and increase potassium intake by 1 gram for every 1000 ml of urine excreted by those who have urine. Foods with high potassium content. (3) Supplement calcium 1.2-1.5 grams per day, and control phosphorus intake at 0.9-1.2 grams per day. The diet should be supplemented with foods rich in vitamin B and C. It should also be properly supplemented with trace elements zinc and iron.