Dietary considerations for hyperuricemia (gout)
(i) Its indications include.
1.High-risk groups with a family history of gout.
2.Have diseases related to gout. Such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.
3, hyperuricemia.
4, gouty arthritis (including acute and intermittent phases), gouty nephropathy and uric acid kidney stones.
(B) The basic principles of dietary control
No alcohol, no animal offal, such as liver, kidney, brain, heart, intestine, etc. {and meat soup, less seafood, and drink sufficient water, all other foods can be consumed appropriately, but if excessive intake of a certain food has indeed caused your gout attack, then it should also be restricted.
There is no good method for testing the amount of purines in food, and reports vary widely. For patients, the inaccuracy of quantification may play a misleading role. For this reason, this section only proposes some dietary principles that must be adhered to by gout patients for reference.
1. Total caloric energy: The supply of total calories varies from person to person, such as resting state differs from manual laborers. For those who are resting, 25kcal~30kcal per kilogram of body weight should be given daily, while for manual workers, 30kcal~40kcal. For those who are obese or overweight, total calories should be limited and a low-calorie diet should be adopted, i.e. 10kcal~20kcal per kilogram of body weight should be given daily. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to reduce 50g of staple food per day for obese people.
2, purine intake: normal people purine intake can be as much as 600 ~ 1000mg/day. Gout patients should not exceed 100-150mg per day during arthritis attacks, and the intake can be increased after the treatment of blood uric acid can be maintained at normal level for a long time.
3, carbohydrates: gout patients should be carbohydrate-based staple food, carbohydrates should account for 50% to 60% of total calories, or even up to 70%. You can use rice, corn, flour and its products (such as steamed bread, noodles, bread, etc.). However, in the case of combined diabetes, carbohydrate intake should be controlled, and it is appropriate to give 4-5g per kg of body weight per day, accounting for about 50% to 55% of the total calories.
4.Protein: The daily intake of protein should be 0.8~1.0g per kg of body weight, accounting for 12%~14% of the total calories, and the daily protein supply can be about 60g.
5.Fat: The daily intake of fat should be 0.6~1g per kg of body weight, accounting for about 20%~25% of the total calories. Complicated hyperlipidemia should be appropriately limited, especially in the acute gout attack period need to avoid high-fat diet, because high-fat diet will inhibit uric acid excretion.
6, salt: the combination of hypertension, heart disease, kidney damage should limit salt intake, not more than 6g per day is appropriate, generally controlled at about 2 to 5g.
7, vegetables, fruits: vegetables except mushrooms, beans (such as lentils), purple cabbage and spinach should not be eaten in large quantities, all can be eaten, fruit is not contraindicated. Patients can drink the right amount of fruit juice, vegetable juice, can make the urine alkaline, to promote the dissolution of crystalline uric acid and easy to discharge from the urine. At the same time, fruit juice and vegetable juice are rich in vitamins, which help improve the symptoms of gout.
8, prohibit alcohol: gout patients must prohibit alcohol, especially beer is most likely to lead to gout attacks, should be absolutely prohibited.
9, bean products: can eat a little in moderation. Some scholars found that in all the causes of gout attacks, beer is the most common z accounted for 60% {, followed by seafood z18% {, offal food z14% {, while bean products are rarely caused by gout attacks z2% {. The purine content of legumes is measured to be very low except for dried soybeans.
(iii) Gout reference recipes
According to the purine content, foods are classified into three categories: low purine foods (purine <25mg per 100g of food), medium purine foods (purine 25-150mg per 100g of food) and high purine foods (purine 150-1000mg per 100g of food). However, this is only a principle estimate, and necessary adjustments should be made according to the actual situation in clinical practice.
1.Low purine foods that can be eaten
(1) Staple foods: rice (rice, corn, millet, glutinous rice, etc.), wheat (barley, wheat, oats, caper wheat, cereals, etc.), noodle products (refined white flour, rich flour, noodles, corn flour, steamed buns, bread, cookies, cakes), soda cookies, butter snacks, starch, sorghum, macaroni, potatoes (potatoes), sweet potatoes, yams, winter flour, water chestnuts, etc.
(2) Milk: fresh milk, condensed milk, cheese, yogurt, cream of wheat, milk powder, ice cream, etc.
(3) Meat and eggs: eggs, duck eggs, skin eggs, pig blood, duck blood, chicken blood, goose blood, etc.
(4) Vegetables: cabbage, cabbage, lettuce (lettuce), amaranth, snow red, chrysanthemum, celery, mustard leaves, water urn, leek, leek, tomato, eggplant, melon (cucumber, winter melon, loofah, pumpkin, carrot, bitter melon, etc.), radish (including carrot, dried radish, etc.), kale, collard greens, gourd, green pepper, onion, onion, garlic, garlic, ginger, fungus, squash, chili, kimchi
(5) Fruits: apples, bananas, red dates, black dates, pears, mangoes, oranges, oranges, lemons, lotus, grapes, pomegranates, peaches, loquats, pineapples, peaches, plums, kumquats, watermelons, melons, papayas, frankincense melons, raisins, dried longan.
(6) Drinks: soda, cola, soft drink, mineral water, tea, juice, coffee, cream of wheat, chocolate, cocoa, jelly, etc.
(7) Others: butter snacks, tomato sauce, peanut butter, jam, soy sauce, winter melon candy, honey. Oil and fat (melon seeds, vegetable oil, butter, cream, almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts), coix seeds, dried fruits, sugar, honey, jellyfish, seaweed, snacks and condiments made of animal glue or agar.
2, it is appropriate to limit the amount of medium purine food
(1) Beans and their products: soybean products (tofu, dried tofu, dairy tofu, soy milk, soy milk), dried beans (mung beans, red beans, black beans, broad beans), bean seedlings, soybean sprouts.
(2) Meat: chicken, pheasant, turkey, spotted chicken, stone chicken, duck, goose, pigeon, quail, pork, pork skin, beef, lamb, dog, venison, rabbit.
(3) Aquatic products: grass carp, carp, cod, flounder, sea bass, barracuda, swordfish, crab, eel, eel, aromatic snail, red shoe ZhenA, abalone, fish ball, shark fin.
(4) Vegetables: spinach, bamboo shoots (asparagus, asparagus, dried bamboo shoots), beans (string beans, green beans, kidney beans, cowpeas, peas), kelp, golden needles, silver fungus, mushrooms, nine-layer pagoda, cauliflower, lobster.
(5) Fats and oils and others: peanuts, cashew nuts, sesame seeds, chestnuts, lotus seeds, almonds.
3.Forbidden high purine food
(1) Legumes and vegetables: soybeans, lentils. Nori, shiitake mushrooms.
(2) Meat: liver (pig liver, beef liver, chicken liver, duck liver, goose liver), intestine (pig intestine, beef intestine, chicken intestine, duck intestine, goose intestine), heart (pig heart, beef heart, chicken heart, duck heart, goose heart), belly and stomach (pig liver, beef liver, chicken stomach, duck stomach, goose stomach), kidney (pig kidney, beef kidney), lung, brain, pancreas, dried meat, thick gravy, meat pies, etc.
(3) aquatic products: fish (fish skin, fish eggs, dried fish, sardines, wind-tailed fish, mackerel, silver carp, eel, shark, striped bass, kissing fish, sea eel, dried flatfish, pomfret), shellfish (clams, oysters, clams, oysters, mussels, dried shellfish), shrimp (grass shrimp, golden hook shrimp, small shrimp, shrimp rice), sea cucumber.
(4) Others: yeast powder, various kinds of alcohol (especially beer).
(4) Introduce three simple and effective food therapy recipes
Rice kernel and red dates soup: take 50 grams of rice kernel and 5 red dates to make soup, drink and eat rice kernel and red dates. It helps to relieve joint pain.
Corn drink: take 100 grams of corn or corn whiskers, roots, leaves decoction for tea, often drink to help eliminate uric acid.
Pecan puree: 250 grams of pecan nuts and 100 grams of yam. Soak pecans in cold boiling water containing 10 grams of salt, take out after 5 minutes, put it in the microwave oven for 3 minutes, then mash it with a grinder, mix it with fried yam powder, 30 grams at a time, and serve it with boiling water. Regular consumption helps to strengthen the body and regulate metabolism.