Thickening of the wall of the descending colon is an imaging description, which does not necessarily mean the presence of intestinal disease. Further colonoscopy, stool routine, abdominal CT and other tests can be performed to clarify the cause, and according to the condition of the disease to choose medication (e.g., mesalazine, lumefantrine), surgical treatment and other forms of intervention. Thickening of the descending colon wall can be seen in ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, congenital megacolon, colon cancer and other diseases. For ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, drugs such as mesalazine, salazosulfapyridine and methylprednisolone can be considered for treatment; for congenital megacolon and colon cancer, surgery can be considered. Descending colon wall thickening can also be seen in patients with long-term constipation, can be relieved by regulating the life and diet of constipation, such as eating more vegetables and fruits, moderate exercise, regular defecation, etc., and if necessary, can be used with lactulose, cecrops and other laxatives. In addition, the thickening of the wall of the descending colon can also be seen in lymphoma, and measures such as chemotherapy or targeted therapy can be taken. Ischemic bowel disease and radiation enteritis can also cause thickening of the wall of the descending colon, which needs to be treated according to the cause. The above drugs should be used under the guidance of specialized physicians. When thickening of the wall of the descending colon occurs, it is recommended to further improve the relevant examination, clarify the cause under the guidance of specialized physicians, and then intervene according to the cause of the disease.