Nephritis usually refers to glomerulonephritis, while acute glomerulonephritis and acute progressive glomerulonephritis in glomerulonephritis are related to respiratory tract infections, and chronic glomerulonephritis is usually not related to respiratory tract infections. Glomerulonephritis can be categorized into acute glomerulonephritis, acute progressive glomerulonephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis in the clinic, among which acute and progressive glomerulonephritis are related to streptococcus in upper respiratory tract infection. Acute and progressive glomerulonephritis is mainly caused by β-hemolytic streptococcal infection, which can be secondary to upper respiratory tract diseases such as tonsillitis, scarlet fever, impetigo, etc. It is mostly seen in children and males, and often develops 2 weeks after upper respiratory tract infections, with clinical symptoms such as hematuria, edema, etc. Chronic glomerulonephritis is usually related to upper respiratory tract infections. Chronic glomerulonephritis is usually not related to respiratory tract infections, and most of them are immune-mediated inflammation caused by a variety of different etiologic factors, with slow progression of the disease, which may be accompanied by different degrees of renal function abnormalities. If the clinical manifestations of nephritis appear after respiratory infection, it is recommended that the patient go to the regular hospital in time, and under the guidance of the doctor, symptomatic treatment, so as to avoid delaying the condition.