At the request of the European Commission, the EU Food Safety Authority’s Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to provide a scientific opinion on the licensing procedure for nutritional claims for vitamin D and calcium and on the relationship between the reduction of bone loss and the reduction of the risk of osteoporosis, in accordance with Chapter 14 of (EC) No 1924/2006. According to Chapter 14 of (EC) No. 1924/2006, the German pharmaceutical company Abtei submitted an application to the relevant authorities: In order to reduce the risk of bone loss and osteoporosis, it is recommended that women over 50 years of age chew a chewable tablet containing 1000 mg of calcium 800 IU of vitamin D3 daily in addition to their normal diet. However, because there is no significant difference between calcium and vitamin D from diet and fortification in reducing bone density in the target population, the health science requirements for evaluation apply to all forms of calcium and vitamin D. This means that the amount of calcium and vitamin D supplementation under appropriate conditions to reduce the risk of bone loss in women over 50 should be the total calcium and vitamin intake, not the amount of calcium and vitamin D from the nutritional fortification proposed in this application. and vitamin D. The causal relationship between calcium intake alone, or with vitamin D, and reduced bone mineral density loss and thus reduced fracture risk is well established. The key to producing an effect is calcium. To ensure that serum 25(OH)D concentrations do not fall below 50 nmol/L, 97.5% of older women over 64 years of age need to consume approximately 876 international units of vitamin D per day. In cases where habitual calcium intake is low (approximately 300 mg/d), postmenopausal women should supplement with 500 mg/d of calcium in order to reduce their risk of osteoporosis due to bone density loss. Additional effects in preventing BMD loss and reducing the risk of osteoporosis have also been observed with calcium supplementation of 500 to 1200 mg/d for people with habitual calcium intakes of 700 mg/d to 1100 mg/d. The U.S. Institute of Medicine has proposed that adults over 50 years of age should consume 1200 mg of calcium daily based on data on calcium retention and balance, cumulative estimates of requirements, and changes in bone mineral density and mineral content in bone. The panel recommends that a daily intake of at least 1200 mg of calcium from all sources, or at least 1200 mg of calcium and 800 international units of vitamin D, should be set as the reference amount to reduce bone density loss to reduce fracture risk. The target population is women over 50 years of age.