The reference value of red blood cells per high magnification field of view is less than three. If the urine after centrifugal precipitation for testing, the average number of red blood cells per high power microscopic field of view is greater than three, can be diagnosed as microscopic hematuria, the color of the urine can be observed with the naked eye obvious red or presenting a bloody flesh and watery as the naked eye hematuria. When hematuria is found, the source of hematuria needs to be identified. Need to combine the urine routine urine sediment test, renal ureter ultrasound, to determine whether there is a change in the morphology of erythrocytes, in order to determine the source of hematuria, to identify the renal hematuria or non-renal hematuria. Clinically, it is recommended to consult the nephrology department of the regular hospital if the erythrocyte high magnification field of view is greater than three in the urine routine test. The appropriate examination and treatment should be carried out.