As the weather gets warmer and people’s clothes get thinner, sometimes parents find that their child’s back is more convex on one side or asymmetrical on both sides, which is most likely an early manifestation of scoliosis. Scoliosis is often found in adolescents between the ages of 10 and 14, because this is the second growth spurt in a person’s life, and the spine grows faster. Early scoliosis abnormalities are not obvious, especially when wearing clothes, so most adolescents with scoliosis are discovered by parents when their child takes a bath or wears fewer clothes. If you find that your child has the following signs, you must be alert to whether he or she has scoliosis: uneven neckline, one shoulder is higher than the other; asymmetrical development of the girl’s breasts, the left side of the breast is often larger; one side of the back bulge; one side of the waist has a fold; one hip is higher than the other; both sides of the lower limbs are not equal in length. If you find that your child has any of these abnormalities, you can do some simple checks yourself, such as touching the spinous processes of the spine with your hand to see if they are in a straight line, or having your child stand upright and bend forward to see if the back is symmetrical. If, after a simple examination, you find that your child has an abnormality, you should go to the hospital immediately. Professional doctors often examine patients with scoliosis, starting with a medical history and physical examination. Some medical histories are helpful in making a diagnosis, such as scoliosis in patients with neurofibromatosis, which is a genetic disorder, and congenital scoliosis, which is often associated with congenital heart disease, urinary malformations, and neurological lesions. In addition to routine cosmetic examination, neurological examination is essential to observe the presence of sensory and motor deficits. Sensory separation usually suggests the possibility of spinal cord hollowing. Abdominal wall reflexes and pathological reflexes examination are items that every scoliosis patient should check, and neglecting these examinations can sometimes have disastrous consequences. X-rays are taken for the following purposes: 1. to get a preliminary idea of the type of scoliosis, whether idiopathic, congenital or other; 2. to measure the size of the scoliosis, currently the common measurement is the Cobb’s angle, the larger the angle, the more severe the scoliosis; 3. to assess the balance and flexibility of the scoliosis; 4. to provide an objective basis for comparison at follow-up. A formal x-ray is a full spine view of the patient in the standing position, both orthogonal and lateral, to understand the right and left curvature of the spine in the coronal position, the anteroposterior convexity in the sagittal position, and the axial rotation. a CT or MRI examination can help to understand the vertebral structure and intracanal conditions. Sometimes parents find their children have scoliosis is very nervous, and even overwhelmed, often everywhere, there are calcium supplements, massage massage orthopedic, with brace undershirt, in short, heard what works, take the child to treatment, the results have little effect. So, what exactly should be done when you have scoliosis? At present, there are three main methods of treatment for scoliosis, namely 1. regular follow-up; 2. brace treatment; 3. surgical treatment. The most common is idiopathic scoliosis, the so-called idiopathic, that is, the cause is not clear, which is different from the vertebral deformity of congenital scoliosis and neuromuscular scoliosis caused by neuromuscular lesions. For idiopathic scoliosis, Cobb’s angle within 25-30° usually does not require bracing and surgery, and is followed up every 3 or 6 months depending on age, with continued observation if the angle does not increase significantly, and bracing may be considered if the increase exceeds 5°. A brace is different from a brace in that it corrects scoliosis by applying support in the direction of the scoliosis. Once brace therapy is started, it should be worn 23 hours a day until skeletal maturity, usually 17-18 years for males and 15-16 years for females. If scoliosis is found to worsen during brace treatment, then surgery should be considered. Domestic surgical treatment of scoliosis began in 1976, and in 1982, Professor Wu Zhikang of the Department of Orthopedics at Peking Union Medical College Hospital took the lead in holding the first International Scoliosis Symposium in China, and the treatment of domestic scoliosis gradually entered a new era. The indications for surgical treatment are mainly scoliosis greater than 50° with trunk imbalance or unequal shoulders, and sometimes scoliosis with faster development with retrognathism or flat back and Cobb’s angle of 45° or more should also be considered for surgical treatment. Age is another important factor for the surgeon to consider. If the patient is younger than 12 years old, surgery is likely because of the high likelihood of scoliosis aggravation; if the patient is 15 or 16 years old and has good trunk balance, surgery may not be considered. The surgical approach can be posterior, anterior or combined anterior-posterior depending on the patient’s condition.