1.What is acne
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves the sebaceous glands of hair follicles and is disfiguring in nature. It can affect people of all ages, but the incidence is higher in adolescents.
2. Causes of acne
The development of acne is mainly related to four major causes: androgens, increased sebum production, hyperkeratosis of the follicular sebaceous glands, and Propionibacterium acnes infection.
3.The pathogenesis of acne
The increase in androgen production or the imbalance of androgen levels in the body after puberty, the increase in androgen levels can lead to an increase in the size of the sebaceous glands and sebum secretion, and sebum provides the material basis for the growth of parasitic bacteria in the hair follicles (such as Propionibacterium acnes, oval spores of furfur, Staphylococcus epidermidis, etc.), and these bacteria, especially Propionibacterium acnes, can hydrolyze the triglycerides in sebum and produce free fatty acids that can stimulate the hair follicles. The epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis at the opening of the sebaceous glands, the latter causing obstruction of the sebum secretion channel and poor excretion, and the formation of acne when sebum and keratin clumps accumulate at the mouth of the hair follicle.
In addition, some low-molecular peptides produced by Propionibacterium acnes can chemotactic neutrophils, and the hydrolytic enzymes produced by the latter can also damage and rupture the hair follicle wall. The overflow of the above-mentioned follicular contents into the dermis causes deep inflammation of varying degrees around the hair follicle, resulting in a series of clinical manifestations ranging from inflammatory papules to cysts.
4.Clinical manifestations of acne
Acne occurs in young men and women between the ages of 15 and 30, with lesions on the cheeks and forehead, followed by the chest, back and shoulders.
All types of acne lesions are caused by inflammation of the same depth in the hair follicles and other secondary reactions, including acne due to obstruction of the sebaceous ducts of the hair follicles, superficial pustules, inflammatory papules, nodules, cysts and scarring that occur at the mouth of the hair follicles.
The initial damage is a conical papule consistent with the hair follicle, such as whitehead acne (closed acne) and blackhead acne (open acne), whitehead acne can be picked out of the white yellow tofu-like material, while blackhead acne contains lipid embolism oxidation caused by; aggravated lesions can form inflammatory papules, the tip of which may have small pustules; continued development can form dark red nodules or cysts of various sizes, squeezed with a sense of fluctuation, after a long period of time can If left untreated for a long time, pus may form an abscess, and after breaking down, sinus tracts and scarring are often formed.
The course of acne is chronic, sometimes mild and sometimes severe, and some patients gradually remit until middle age, but more or less pigmentation, hypertrophic or atrophic scarring may remain.
5.Classification of acne
Acne is clinically classified according to the severity of the disease using the Pillburry classification into Ⅰ to Ⅳ degrees.
Grade I (mild): Epidemic to multiple blackheads, which may be accompanied by scattered inflammatory papules.
Grade II (moderate): Grade 1 + an increased number of inflammatory lesions with superficial pustules, but confined to the face.
Grade III (severe): 2 degrees + deep in-vitro pustules distributed on the face, neck and chest and back.
Degree IV (severe ~ clustered): 3 degrees + nodules and cysts with scar formation, occurring on the upper half of the body.
6. Other types of acne
Agglomerative acne: manifests as severe nodules, cysts, sinus tracts and scarring, and tends to occur in young men;
Fulminant acne: A small number of patients have sudden exacerbation of the disease, with fever, arthralgia, anemia and other systemic symptoms;
Medicated acne: Acne-like damage caused by androgens, glucocorticoids, halogens, etc. is called medicated acne;
Infantile acne: Infantile acne can start due to maternal androgens entering the body during the fetal stage;
Premenstrual acne: Closely related to the menstrual cycle;
Cosmetic acne: Bacteriostatic substances in skin cleansing and disinfecting agents, fatty acid salts in soaps or facial cleansers, various cosmetics, shampoos, sunscreens, whitening agents, hairsprays and mousses can cause narrowing of the inner diameter of the sebum-secreting ducts, mechanical blockage of the openings or inflammation of the hair follicle mouths.
Treatment
1. Principles of acne treatment.
The principles of treatment are mainly exfoliation, dissolution of keratin, sterilization, anti-inflammation and regulation of hormone levels.
2.General treatment.
Attention should be paid to washing the face with warm water, avoid squeezing and scratching acne with hands, and in principle, no ointment cosmetics should be used before the peak of oil secretion is controlled. Avoid spicy foods, control fat and sugar, and eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and vitamin-rich foods. In addition, it is also important to regulate the mood, peace of mind, moderate work and rest, and correct constipation.
3, the role of the thermal spray machine.
Hot spray, acting directly on the skin, can effectively open the pores and promote the elimination of its contents. At the same time, the role of the spray can strengthen the hydration of the skin, enhance the absorption of the drug by the skin and pave the way for the next treatment.
4, compound sulfur chlorine lotion composition and role.
Compound sulfur-chlorine lotion is based on the home-made sulfur-chlorine lotion of Hai Ci Hospital by Director Zhou, adding home-made experience formula to strengthen its purpose of inhibiting sebum secretion, sterilization and anti-inflammation. At the same time, it can effectively avoid the side effects of allergy to sulfur chlorine lotion due to skin sensitivity. Targeted treatment for the cause of acne. The effect is remarkable.
5.Introduction of ultrasound and the purpose of introduction.
When an object vibrates it emits sound. Scientists will be the number of vibrations per second called the frequency of sound, it is the unit of Hertz. We call the frequency of sound waves higher than 20,000 Hz “ultrasound”. Usually used for medical diagnosis of ultrasound frequency of 1 to 5 megahertz. Ultrasound has good directionality, strong penetrating ability, easy to obtain more concentrated acoustic energy, in the water propagation distance and other characteristics.
It can improve the permeability of biological membranes. After the action of ultrasound, the permeability of cell membranes to potassium and calcium ions is changed more strongly. This enhances the biofilm diffusion process, promotes material exchange, accelerates metabolism and improves tissue nutrition.
Therefore, whenever we use ultrasound to introduce sulfur and chlorine lotion, it can effectively promote the absorption of sulfur and chlorine lotion by the epidermis, thus enhancing the role of sulfur and chlorine lotion in the treatment of acne, while accelerating tissue metabolism and improving tissue nutrition, thus accelerating the healing of acne lesions.
6. Principles of red (660nm) and blue (415nm) light and their effects.
Propionibacterium acnes mainly produces fecal porphyrin Ⅲ in the metabolic process, and its absorption peak for light is at 415nm, which is in the wavelength range of blue light. Therefore, blue light has an inhibitory effect on the bacterium, which can induce a change in cell pH and cause the bacteria to be destroyed by affecting transmembrane protein transport.
Red light penetrates tissues better and has anti-inflammatory properties that can affect the release of cytokines from macrophages or other cells, in addition, red light can cause changes in the permeability of cell membranes to calcium ions.
Therefore, the combination of red and blue light can be a safe and effective synergistic treatment for both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions in acne.
7. Composition and function of herbal vesicles film.
The acne bubble film solution is a gel made from Chinese herbs such as honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, scutellaria, dandelion and angelica, which are carefully boiled in specific proportions and added to matrix-like substances. Effects: Clears heat and detoxifies the skin, removes decay and drains pus to create a healthy skin, tonifies the blood and moisturizes the skin. Thus, it can effectively remove acne lesions, remove redness and moisten the skin.
8. Role of plaster hardening and its principle.
Plaster can release certain heat in the process of hardening, and the solid surface of plaster hard film with good sealing can strengthen the hydration of the skin, thus it can soften the cortex and effectively relieve the hyperkeratosis at the opening of hair follicle sebaceous glands. The release of heat, on the one hand, can open the pores and promote the discharge of their contents, on the other hand, can warm the meridians and activate the blood, promote the physiological circulation of the skin, eradicate toxins and eliminate the inflammation of the deeper layers of the skin.
Prevention
We already know the four major causes of acne: androgens, increased sebum production, hyperkeratosis at the opening of the sebaceous glands of the hair follicles, and Propionibacterium acnes infection. Therefore, the treatment and prevention of acne must revolve around the four major causes.
Excessive application of cosmetics, especially powders and creams, will aggravate the blockage of the hair follicle sebaceous gland openings after application, therefore, during the acne period, try to avoid applying such cosmetics. Also, pay attention to cleaning the skin with warm water to minimize the blockage of the hair follicle opening. At the same time, if you are in a warm environment with open hair follicles, a sudden entry into a relatively low temperature environment will stimulate spasmodic contraction of the hair follicles, which will also aggravate the blockage of the hair follicle opening.
In today’s society, the fast pace of life, the pressure of study and work, plus sometimes eating spicy and oily substances, will stimulate androgens and the secretion of sebaceous glands, causing acne. At the same time, people who are more temperamental and impatient will have more androgen and sebaceous secretion. Therefore, you should try to avoid these inducing factors, calm your mind, eat less greasy and spicy food, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, drink more water, etc.
KFC, McDonald’s and other fast food contain a lot of hormones and oils. If you eat a large amount of similar foods, acne may be triggered. This is one of the main reasons why the age of acne onset is getting younger and younger in recent years.
1. Why can’t I pick and squeeze my own acne?
Most people have not undergone surgical training in sterility and thus have not developed a strict sense of sterility. The place that you think is clean may be the place where a large number of bacteria and viruses exist. When you pick and squeeze a pimple, you remove a large amount of obstructive material from the follicle, which inevitably leads to a break in the skin’s epidermis. If the skin is touched with an unsterilized object, the wound may be contaminated and then infected with pus, aggravating the symptoms.
Moreover, within the dangerous triangle of the face, there are a large number of blood vessels connected to the brain. If a serious infection is caused in these areas, it may enter the brain with the blood stream and cause serious consequences. Therefore, try not to pick and squeeze acne yourself. It is best to find a professional medical practitioner to carry out the relevant operations.
2.When do I need spot treatment?
Some patients, acne regurgitation is related to their own immune system is low, this time it is necessary to carry out a bit of thymopentin and other immunity-boosting drugs injection treatment.
Other patients, when they meet, give the impression of being a hot mess, talking loudly, being impatient and doing things quickly. In this case, the secretion of androgens in the body is very strong, and the level of androgens is too high. At this time, drugs such as cimetidine that lower androgens and regulate hormone levels are needed to help.
If the patient has a large number of pustules on the lesions, it means that the infection is more serious and the white blood cells are elevated in the routine blood test. This is when antibiotic treatment is needed.
3, the role of vitamin C, B6, E?
Vitamin C: is a water-soluble vitamin, fruits and vegetables are rich in content. Effects: Promote collagen synthesis and antioxidant (the main reason for the whitening effect), improve the body’s immunity and resistance to infection, reduce vascular permeability (reddening effect), and promote the recovery of the epidermis.
Vitamin B6: water-soluble vitamin. It is an essential substance for fat and sugar metabolism in the body. Its needs are in fact very related to the amount of protein intake, if you eat large fish and meat, should remember to supplement vitamin B6 in large quantities, so as not to cause vitamin B6 deficiency and lead to the occurrence of chronic diseases.
Vitamin E: . Delay aging, effectively reduce the generation of wrinkles, maintain a clear appearance; reduce cellular oxygen consumption, making people more durable; antioxidant protection of body cells from the poison of free radicals; improve lipid metabolism, the prevention of coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, etc.
4.How to remove acne marks?
After growing acne, sometimes there will be traces on the skin, collectively known as acne marks. In fact, there are various types of acne marks, such as red plaques, black plaques, depressed keloids, raised keloids and so on. Treatment methods vary.
For black plaques, which are pigmentation after inflammation, generally people with spots on their face are prone to leave. The best treatment is prevention. You can use some antioxidant and whitening medications such as vitamin c, reduced glutathione, aminoglycolic acid, human placenta, etc. in moderation when you have acne.
Red/black patches can be treated with photolaser to speed up the color fading. Usually 3-5 treatments are sufficient.
For raised keloid scars, in the early stages of scarring, medications such as tretinoin can be introduced with ultrasound to prevent their continued development and can be treated. If the raised scar is large, local injections are needed to soften and flatten it as soon as possible. Depending on the condition, no injection once every 2-3 weeks, 3-5 times is sufficient.
For depressed scars, if the depression is mild, photolaser treatment can be used to restore the flatness. In case of severe depressions, treatment with fractional laser or microwave is required. The latter will scab off after treatment and will generally recover in about ten days.
Food therapy for acne.
1. Peach kernel and hawthorn porridge: 12g of peach kernel, 15g of hawthorn. 30g of Xia Gu Cao (dried product), 10g of Zhe Bei Mu, 50g of japonica rice. First boil the first four products in a pot for 2 times, remove the residue and filter 800ml of liquid, then add japonica rice and boil into porridge. Take 1 dose each morning and evening every day for one month. This recipe has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying, software dispersing, and is effective for nodular acne and cystic acne
2. Loquat leaf gypsum porridge: 10g of loquat leaf, 15g of raw gypsum, 6g of chrysanthemum. decocted in water to obtain juice, then add 50g of round-grained rice and cook into porridge, 1 dose daily. This product can clear and eliminate accumulated heat in the lung and stomach.
3, kelp, mung bean and almond soup: 15g of kelp, 10g of mung bean, 9g of sweet almond, 6g of rose hips. brown sugar. Cooked in a pot, 1 dose daily. This formula has the effect of relieving blood stasis and dispersing knots.
4, dandelion mung bean soup: dandelion (whole grass) 100g (dried 30g), water decoction juice 500ml, add mung beans 50g, boil and mix with honey 10g. several times a day, and eat for 1 week. This formula has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification, broad-spectrum antibacterial.
5, barley and mung bean soup: 50g of barley, 20g of mung beans. cooked into soup, divided into 2 servings per day. This formula has the effect of clearing heat and relieving dampness.
6, Chonglou Danshen drink: Chonglou (seven-leaved flower, fleabane) 15g, Danshen 30g. together into a pot, boil and filter its liquid 300ml, mixed with honey 10g, divided into 3 times a day, and used for 2 weeks. This formula can invigorate blood circulation, resolve blood stasis and eliminate blemishes, which is very effective for pustular acne and cystic acne.
7, chrysanthemum garlic dahurica fish: 50g of wild chrysanthemum (15g dried), 3 heads of purple-skinned one-headed garlic, 15g of dahurica, carp 1 (500g), first decoction of the first 3 products to get its liquid 500ml, then put as carp cooked in soy sauce, vinegar. Eat the fish and drink the soup. Eat it once a day, in 2 times, for two weeks. This formula can clear heat and detoxify, remove spots and stasis, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, detoxify and nourish the skin.