Diabetic retinopathy (DRP) is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic retinopathy develops in 10% of these patients 5-7 years after the onset of diabetes, and the total prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is about 50%. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is retinal microvascular abnormalities, and the pathological process is mainly the formation of microangiomas, atresia of retinal capillaries and small arteries, macular edema and neovascularization, followed by vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment by traction, and severe vision loss or even blindness. Symptoms and signs of diabetic retinopathy: The common ones are flash sensation and vision loss. Fundus manifestations mainly include microangiomas, hemorrhagic spots, hard exudates, cotton wool spots, retinal vasculopathy, macular edema, vitreous clouding and optic neuropathy. According to the degree of disease, diabetic retinopathy is mainly divided into simple, pre-proliferative and proliferative stages. The most meaningful guide for diagnosis and staging is fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA). In the simple stage, most patients have mild symptoms and most are mistaken by patients for the common vitreous opacities. The main fundus manifestations are hemorrhages, hard exudates and absorbent cotton spots. In the proliferative phase, most patients have become severely ill, with significant vision loss, and the fundus mainly shows significant hemorrhage, vitreous hemorrhage and neovascularization. In the pre-proliferative stage, the symptoms and signs are similar to those in the pure and proliferative stages. The treatment includes oral medications, retinal laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy, of which the most important treatment is retinal laser therapy. The pure and pre-proliferative stages are mainly treated with retinal laser photocoagulation and internal oral medications, which are quite effective and can prevent further progression of the disease and preserve good visual function. The proliferative stage is mainly treated by retinal laser photocoagulation or vitrectomy, which has poor efficacy. Prevention and treatment, for diabetic patients, regardless of whether they have ophthalmic symptoms, they should go to the ophthalmology department for routine visual acuity examination and fundus examination. During the first fundus examination, it is better to take fundus color photographs and fundus angiography (FFA), and then decide the treatment and follow-up time, and the follow-up time is 6 months~1 year. The main reason for the delay of this disease is that diabetic patients do not have timely ophthalmology consultation.