Primary liver cancer (referred to as hepatocellular carcinoma) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. It lacks conscious symptoms in the early stage of the disease, which makes it difficult to diagnose and lacks effective treatment methods, and has long been regarded as a terminal disease. With the progress of medical science in recent times, the diagnosis of liver cancer has leaped from “post-mortem diagnosis” in the 1930s and “clinical diagnosis” in the 1960s to “sub-clinical diagnosis” in the 1970s. The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma has leaped from “post-mortem diagnosis” in the 1930s and “clinical diagnosis” in the 1960s to “subclinical diagnosis” in the 1970s. Due to the progress of early diagnosis, the old concept of “liver cancer is an incurable disease” has been changed. So how to detect liver cancer at an early stage? One of the keys is to update the traditional concept of diagnosis, i.e. to go to the hospital only after symptoms or signs appear, but to take the initiative to go to the hospital for regular checkups in the early stage of liver cancer without symptoms or signs. This is especially true for high-risk groups. The so-called high-risk groups generally include: 1. those with a history of hepatitis and cirrhosis, especially those with positive markers of hepatitis B virus; 2. those with a family history of liver cancer, especially men aged 30-59, should add an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test to their physical examination regularly. At present, the biggest enemy of early diagnosis of liver cancer is the old concept of liver cancer diagnosis. The old diagnosis of liver cancer relies on the four major symptoms (such as wasting, weakness, liver pain and jaundice), but in fact subclinical liver cancer with no symptoms and signs and small liver cancer less than 5 cm are almost all negative for the above symptoms. While asymptomatic subclinical hepatocellular carcinoma is potentially curable, clinical hepatocellular carcinoma with symptoms and signs, even with very aggressive treatment, most of them can only prolong life but cannot be cured. Therefore, whether early diagnosis can be made is related to whether patients can get a chance to be cured, which must be paid attention to. The majority of liver cancer patients in China are related to chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and 85% of liver cancer patients are transformed from chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. About 15% of liver cancer patients are not caused by hepatitis, but by other causes, such as hepatitis C virus, aflatoxin, water pollution, lack of certain trace elements, genetic factors, toxic chemicals containing benzene, some drugs and alcoholism. Especially in spoiled rice, soybeans, peanut rice, melon seeds and other foods contain a large number of aflatoxin, which is the main factor that induces cancer. In addition, in the drugs for weight loss and diuretic, if it contains ingredients of morpholinoic acid and ephedra, it is also very damaging to the liver when taken for a long time. Radical surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma Radical resection is defined as complete resection of tumor, no residual cancer in the remaining liver, no cancer embolus in the portal vein, AFP turning negative and not returning positive 2 months after surgery, and no residual tumor or recurrence on imaging. The 5-year survival rate was reported in the literature to be around 50%. Early diagnosis is only half of the solution, what should be the treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma? Lobectomy has been proved to be the best treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, but most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in China are combined with liver cirrhosis. If small hepatocellular carcinoma is also resected, the cancer will be removed, but the patient will have to take great risks in surgery. The accepted guideline for the surgical treatment of liver cancer is now to replace lobectomy with partial resection in the presence of cirrhosis. This innovation has allowed most patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma to be surgically resected with a 10-fold reduction in surgical risk compared to lobectomy, and the long-term outcomes of local resection have not only not decreased, but have improved. The 5-year survival rate after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma is about 60%, while the 5-year survival rate after resection of large hepatocellular carcinoma, even now, is only about 30%. Multimodal comprehensive treatment is an active and effective treatment for mid-stage large liver cancer in recent years, sometimes transforming unresectable large liver cancer into resectable smaller liver cancer. Treatments other than resection: intraoperative hepatic artery ligation and embolization chemotherapy; intraoperative cryotherapy; intraoperative microwave curing therapy; hepatic artery portal vein placement pump; hepatic artery cannulation chemoembolization; intra-tumor anhydrous alcohol injection; traditional Chinese medicine, systemic chemotherapy and biological therapy interferon, mushroom polysaccharide, interleukin-2, etc.; in short, liver cancer is detected early and “early resection In short, liver cancer is detected early and “early resected” more often, and the 5-year survival rate of small liver cancer resected is twice as high as that of large liver cancer resected, reaching about 60%. In addition, recurrent liver cancer can be detected early and “re-excised” before symptoms appear, which further increases the 5-year survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma resection by about 10%. Clinically, liver cancer has changed from an “incurable disease” to a “partially curable disease”.