1.Physiological degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc, which begins after the age of 20. 2.Trauma. 3.Cold exposure. 4.Hereditary factors. 5.Continuous vibration of the lumbosacral region. 5.Smoking and alcohol consumption. 6.Pregnancy. After puberty, degenerative changes occur in various tissues of the human body, among which changes in the intervertebral disc occur earlier, the main change is the dehydration of the nucleus pulposus, and after dehydration, the disc loses its normal elasticity and tension, on the basis of which the nucleus pulposus protrudes from the place due to the weakening or rupture of the fibrous ring caused by heavy trauma or repeated inconspicuous injuries. The nucleus pulposus mostly protrudes into the spinal canal from the lateral posterior side (a few can be on both sides at the same time), compressing the nerve root and producing signs of nerve root injury; it can also protrude posteriorly from the center, compressing the cauda equina and causing urinary and fecal disorders. If the fibrous ring ruptures completely, the broken nucleus pulposus enters the spinal canal, causing extensive damage to the cauda equina. Because of the heavy load and activities in the lower back, the protrusion mostly occurs in the lumbar 4/5 and lumbar 5/sacral 1 spaces.