It is now proven that the truly useful vaccine against cancer is the HPV vaccine and that other vaccines do not have cancer-preventive effects. Most cervical cancers and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are associated with high-risk HPV infection, so a preventive or therapeutic HPV vaccine is highly effective against HPV infection and the development of intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. It is the first oncology vaccine in the world. HPV vaccine provides an important means of effective control of cervical cancer. The vaccine cannot completely eliminate cervical cancer, but it can spare a significant proportion of patients with intraepithelial neoplasia from treatment and follow-up, and it can also effectively reduce the number of screenings.