Dysmenorrhea is a common symptom in young women, and many people “put up with it” or even consider it a normal part of their period, but in fact 80% of dysmenorrhea is due to endometriosis. Endometrial fragments travel throughout the body with blood vessels and lymph, and the endometrium “grows” wherever it goes, causing a variety of health problems, including infertility. The undying cancer, endometriosis! In a normal woman, there is a layer of lining inside the uterine cavity called the endometrium. This layer of endometrium increases, secretes, and sheds with monthly ovulation from puberty to menopause, forming menstruation that is discharged from the vagina. If the endometrium is present in other parts of the body and undergoes the same changes with ovulation, it is called endometriosis. If the ectopic site occurs in the muscular layer of the uterus, it is called myometriosis. Since there is no outlet for this accumulated menstrual blood, a sac is formed. This ectopic endometrium is also affected by estrogen and recurrent bleeding occurs with the menstrual cycle, resulting in a cyst containing old blood, which is brown and sticky like chocolate, so it is also called a “chocolate cyst”. This is the most common type of cyst in many women. The most obvious symptom of endometriosis is abnormal menstrual pain, but this is also the most easily ignored warning sign. Because many girls think it is a monthly “good friend”, they put up with it and do not pay special attention to it. This is not known to be a world away from menstrual pain. If you have the following signs, then you must pay attention! 1, dysmenorrhea: dysmenorrhea is the most typical symptom of endometriosis, secondary with progressive aggravation, often in the first 1-2 days before the onset of menstruation, the most dramatic on the first day of menstruation, and then gradually reduce, to disappear when the menstruation is clean. In the severe stage, the pain is unbearable and even an increase in the amount of painkillers is not effective. The pain is caused by the inflammatory reaction of the local tissue stimulated by bleeding inside the endometriosis lesion. The pain is also caused by increased secretion of prostaglandins from the endometriosis lesion, resulting in contracture of the uterine muscles, and the dysmenorrhea is bound to be more pronounced. 2. Menstrual abnormalities: It can be manifested as excessive menstruation or cycle disorders. Most menstrual abnormalities are related to endometriosis affecting ovarian function. Patients with endometriosis can experience ovarian dysfunction, such as abnormal ovulation, etc. 3. Infertility: Patients with endometriosis are often accompanied by infertility, with an infertility rate of 40% to 50% among patients with endometriosis. The main reason is that endometriosis can often cause adhesions around the fallopian tubes affecting oocyte pick-up; or ovarian lesions affecting ovulation.4. Painful intercourse: endometriosis in the rectal sulcus and vaginal-rectal compartment can cause painful intercourse (deep tenderness), increased bowel movements during menstruation, and pain (urgency and heaviness).5. Other: If the endometrium is ectopic to the bladder, there is cyclic urinary frequency, painful urination, and hematuria. Endometriosis in the abdominal wall scar and umbilicus may present with periodic localized masses and pain. Patients with intestinal endometriosis may present with abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, or even periodic small amounts of blood in the stool. When the ectopic endometrium invades and compresses the ureter, back pain and hematuria on one side may occur, but is extremely rare. Causes of endometriosis The causes of endometriosis are not well understood and are thought to be related to the following factors: 1. The epithelium of the peritoneum and ovaries has the potential ability to transform into something similar to the endometrium, which transforms into ectopic endometrium when certain stimuli are encountered. 2. The outflow of menstrual blood is obstructed. The broken endometrium enters the abdominal cavity with the backflow of menstrual blood or enters the myometrium and is planted there.3. Abnormal ovarian function.4. Inattention to menstrual hygiene, coitus during menstruation or abortion.5. Genetic factorsEndometriosis has a certain genetic tendency and family aggregation, and people with a family history of the disease are mostly affected by it.