Thalassemia, also called thalassemia, is called thalassemia because it often occurs in countries along the Mediterranean Sea, and is more common in the southern part of China, especially around Guangxi and Guangdong, and rare in the north. Thalassemia is a kind of hemolytic anemia, and there are three kinds of thalassemia examination reports in the clinic. First, blood routine examination. Most patients have anemia, along with small red blood cell volume and low average red blood cell hemoglobin amount, which means small cell hypochromic anemia. It needs to be differentiated from iron deficiency anemia, because patients with iron deficiency anemia also have small cell hypochromic anemia, but the patient has reduced serum iron and ferritin, whereas patients with thalassemia have normal serum iron and ferritin. Second, hemoglobin electrophoresis. Sometimes abnormal hemoglobin chains can be found by hemoglobin electrophoresis, which can confirm the diagnosis of thalassemia. Third, thalassemia gene test. This is the most accurate test to confirm the diagnosis of thalassemia and can find out which gene mutation the patient has, which leads to the occurrence of thalassemia. Therefore, the common test reports for thalassemia are these three.