The development of organ transplantation in China began in the late 1950s, when the first cadaveric donor kidney kidney transplant was performed by the famous urologist Wu Jieping in 1960. Due to the lack of effective immunosuppressive measures after the operation, the patient failed to survive for a long time. In 1972, Professor Mei Hua of Zhongshan Medical College completed the first kidney transplantation of a relative in China, and the patient survived for more than one year, which caused a great impact in the medical field in China. Since the mid-1970s, kidney transplantation as an effective treatment for chronic renal failure – uremia began to be promoted in major cities in China. In 1981, the number of kidney transplants nationwide reached more than 800 cases, and in 1984, it reached 1,301 cases. in the late 80s, with the continuous improvement of kidney transplantation techniques and postoperative care and immunosuppressive drugs, the number of kidney transplantation cases completed in China each year increased year by year. The one-year kidney survival rate at this stage was about 50%. The period from 1985 to 1993 was a period of steady development of kidney transplantation in China. During this stage, the number of transplants in China increased year by year due to the beginning of systematic introduction of foreign experience, including measures such as improvement of surgical techniques and comprehensive application of cyclosporine. The one-year kidney survival rate in this stage reached 80%. At this stage, heart transplantation and liver transplantation started to take off. From 1994 onwards, kidney transplantation entered a phase of rapid rise. In 2002, more than 28 provinces and cities in China carried out kidney transplantation, and the total number of completed kidney transplantation cases exceeded 4500. However, since there are about more than 1 million uremic patients in China, the current kidney transplantation is far from meeting the needs of uremic patients. With the continuous improvement of human understanding of the body’s immune system, some new immunosuppressive drugs, such as MMF, anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody, etc., have started to be clinically applied one after another, and the long-term survival rate of transplanted kidney has been increasing year by year. At this stage, the kidney survival rates of one year, three years and five years are over 90%, 80% and 70% respectively. At present, there are three cases of kidney transplantation in China surviving for 23 years, with the oldest recipient being 76 years old and the youngest being 1 month old. At this stage, other types of organ transplantation are also beginning to flourish. Heart, liver and combined liver-kidney, pancreas-kidney transplants are becoming increasingly mature. The Ministry of Health promulgated the regulations on human organ transplantation on May 1, 2007. The Ministry of Health issued a notice on August 7, 2009, stating that it will organize relevant experts to review and validate human organ transplantation programs on August 12 this year, and that medical institutions that do not pass the review shall not continue to carry out human organ transplantation. December 28, 2009, the Ministry of Health on the regulation of living organ transplantation of certain provisions, in order to strengthen the management of living organ transplantation, to ensure the safety of the lives of living organ donors and recipients, according to the “Regulations on Human Organ Transplantation”.