Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by a variety of causes and is clinically classified into four types: type 1 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes and other special types of diabetes. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the most common clinical conditions. If the blood sugar is not well controlled, long-term hyperglycemia will lead to complications due to the decompensation and failure of many organs in the body, such as macroangiopathy, microangiopathy, neuropathy, ophthalmopathy, diabetic foot and so on. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and treatment of diabetes is very important to reduce complications. First, strict control of blood glucose Fasting blood glucose control between 3.9-6.1mmol/L, postprandial blood glucose less than 7.8mmol/L is appropriate, glycated hemoglobin control between 6.5%-7%, every 3-6 months check glycated hemoglobin. The biggest benefit of controlling blood sugar is to reduce or delay the occurrence of complications. Second, correct treatment There is a lack of effective treatment for the cause of the disease, emphasizing the principles of early treatment, long-term treatment, comprehensive treatment and individualized treatment measures. Based on dietary therapy and suitable physical exercise, medication is given according to different conditions. (1) Oral medication (1) Sulfonylureas: Applicable to type 2 diabetes patients with poor control of diet and physical exercise. (2) biguanides: can increase the absorption of glucose in peripheral tissues and use, is the first-line drugs for obese or overweight type 2 diabetic patients. (3) α-glucosidase inhibitors: delay carbohydrate absorption and reduce postprandial blood glucose by inhibiting α-glucosidase on the surface of small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells. (4) Thiazolidinedione: enhance the sensitivity of target tissues to insulin and reduce insulin resistance, mainly used for people with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes who are not well served by other hypoglycemic drugs. 2.Insulin therapy is suitable for those who have type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes with poor drug treatment, and other special cases. 3.Multiple measures 1.Lowering blood pressure：Taking regular antihypertensive treatment can reduce microvascular and macrovascular complications and lower the risk of stroke. 2.Lipid lowering: The aim of lipid control is to reduce macroangiopathy. The Diabetes Prevention and Control Guidelines recommend that all patients with type 2 diabetes over 40 years of age should use statin lipid-lowering drugs. 3. Anticoagulation: The main goal is macroangiopathy. The Diabetes Prevention and Control Guidelines recommend that all type 2 diabetic patients over 40 years of age should use aspirin at a dose of 75mg-100mg/day, which can effectively prevent stroke. 4. Quit smoking: smoking is closely related to the occurrence of macrovascular lesions, and quitting smoking can reduce the occurrence of macrovascular lesions. IV. Life intervention Provide health education to patients to make them realize that diabetes is a lifelong disease, which cannot be cured at present, and treatment should be persistent. Eat a reasonable diet, diversify the diet, advocate the consumption of fiber-rich foods and foods with low sugar content, except for hypoglycemia, prohibit or cautiously eat monosaccharides or foods with high sugar content, and strictly control the amount of staple foods, depending on the intensity of activity. Regular and moderate exercise should be carried out, and the appropriate exercise method and amount should be formulated according to age, gender, physical strength, disease and the presence of complications, etc., and should be adhered to gradually and for a long time. Keep a comfortable mood and maintain a good psychological state. Emphasis on “reasonable diet, moderate exercise, quit smoking and limit alcohol, psychological balance”. It can eliminate the symptoms of diabetes, prevent or delay the complications, maintain good health and working ability, and prolong life expectancy.