Osteoporosis is an age-related disease; therefore, treatment of osteoporosis is as important as prevention. There are two levels of prevention for osteoporosis: primary prevention is for people who have reduced bone mass or have risk factors. Active measures are taken to prevent the development of osteoporosis; the second is for patients with existing osteoporosis or fractures to prevent the occurrence of fragility fractures or re-fractures. The theme of the 2011 World Osteoporosis Day is “Caring for your bones, three steps to early prevention: exercise, vitamin D and calcium”. “. For patients with fractures and a diagnosis of osteoporosis, in addition to the necessary basic measures, active pharmacological interventions are necessary. Currently, there are two major classes of drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis, in addition to the basic supplemental drugs vitamin D and calcium as described earlier: one is anti-bone resorption drugs and the other is osteogenesis-promoting drugs. Because primary osteoporosis is an age-related disease that occurs more frequently in postmenopausal women, sex hormone therapy for osteoporosis was developed earlier – as early as 1935, foreign scholars proposed that sex hormones could prevent and treat osteoporosis. Later, it was found that estrogen treatment for osteoporosis had its side effects: it increased the chance of endometrial cancer and breast cancer, and was gradually used less and less or replaced by other drugs. For the time being, estrogen is no longer the first choice of doctors simply as a treatment for osteoporosis, but is more often used for a short period of time as a drug to improve menopausal symptoms. However, in order to take advantage of estrogen’s role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis without its side effects, science has invented an estrogen-like compound, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which play the role of estrogen in the treatment of osteoporosis but do not cause endometrial hyperplasia or breast cancer. endometrial hyperplasia and breast cancer. Therefore, they are more suitable for a wider range of people and are widely used in clinical practice, just as the Nokia advertisement says: “Technology is people-oriented”. In addition to estrogen, there are also calcitonin, salmon calcitonin and eel calcitonin, which are widely used in clinical practice to combat osteoporosis. This class of drugs not only has the effect of increasing bone density, its pain-relieving effect is particularly obvious. So for some patients with osteoporosis who have pain due to small fractures, calcitonin-based drugs are the first choice. In terms of increasing bone density and treating osteoporosis, I am afraid that the most used drugs are bisphosphonates, which are also the drugs of choice for treating osteoporosis and have been developed into the third generation. Many clinical data show that patients with osteoporosis have a significant increase in bone density, up to 5-10% a year, with the application of bisphosphonates. The widespread use of these drugs, in addition to its effectiveness is really good, it is easy to apply is also a major reason, that is, the medical said good compliance. For example, the second generation of diphosphonates (such as alendronate sodium), only one tablet a week, very convenient. There is a part of the diphosphonate drugs, three months to inject a shot, or even six months or a year to inject a shot, but also can achieve good therapeutic effect, so that the application of these drugs is relatively popular, the reason is also the two: convenient, good effect. In addition to the aforementioned several anti-bone resorption drugs, there is a class of drugs to promote bone formation, such as strontium salt, this drug has a dual role of anti-bone resorption and promote bone formation, has a broad application prospects. A slight shortcoming is the lack of convenience in taking, one packet per night, boiled water, just like drinking milk. There is also the parathyroid hormone fragment (PTH1-34), this kind of drug has been marketed abroad, it is said that the domestic will also have soon. For patients with low bone metastasis exchange, bone resorption inhibitors are often difficult to obtain satisfactory results, while bone formation promoters are good at increasing bone density and reducing the risk of fracture. As for other drugs such as vitamin K, fluoride and herbal medicine, they also have anti-osteoporosis effects, but they are not mainstream at present. In the treatment of osteoporosis, the testing of bone metabolism items is very important, in addition to evaluating the treatment effect, it can also understand whether osteoporosis is caused by increased bone destruction or reduced bone formation, which can help us choose the treatment drugs: for osteoporosis caused by active bone breaking, some drugs can be used to inhibit bone resorption; for osteoporosis caused by reduced bone formation, some drugs can be used to promote bone formation The main treatment for osteoporosis The main goal of osteoporosis treatment is to reduce the fracture rate, but it is difficult to use the fracture rate to evaluate the efficacy of individual patients in clinical practice. Currently, monitoring changes in BMD and bone turnover are practical indicators.