Diabetic nephropathy is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy accounts for a large proportion of chronic renal failure. In China, the prevalence has reached 30% ~ 50%.
Patients with diabetic nephropathy should do:
- Limit protein intake, usually no more than 15% of total daily intake.
- High-quality protein is recommended.
- Perform 150 minutes or more of aerobic or resistance group exercise per week.
- Quit smoking.
- Patients with suboptimal glycemic control need to adjust their medication regimen to keep glycated hemoglobin levels below 7%.
- Patients with comorbid hypertension can use ACEI and ARB analogues to lower blood pressure, which can also reduce proteinuria leakage.
- Patients with comorbid hyperlipidemia require lipid-modifying therapy.
- Patients with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels below 15 mL/min require early renal replacement therapy.