Epileptic waves are mainly abnormal discharges detected by scalp EEG in the interictal and ictal phases, such as common specific abnormal discharges, including spike-wave, spike-wave, spike-slow-wave and spike-slow-wave, and abnormal discharges such as multi-spike wave and multi-spike wave, and multi-spike slow-wave and multi-spike-slow-wave, which have specific reference value for the diagnosis of epilepsy. There are also nonspecific discharges that can also appear in patients with epilepsy, and the discharges also include abnormal slow waves, but they cannot be diagnosed as epilepsy based on the slow waves, but they are helpful in assessing their brain function. Therefore, the diagnosis of epilepsy is mainly characterized by sharp spike waves and sharp spike slow waves as well as seizures with relatively specific abnormal discharges, so it is called epileptiform waves.