Western proverb says: a healthy spirit resides in a healthy body, and a healthy body is residing in a healthy mother. About 5 million birth defects worldwide every year, China’s annual total number of disabled children 800,000-1,200,000, accounting for 4-6% of the birth population. Among them: congenital heart disease 220,000, neural tube deformity 80,000, cleft lip and palate 50,000, Down’s syndrome 30,000, and so on. Just because pregnancy is a normal biological phenomenon doesn’t mean that every pregnancy is normal! Instead of sitting on the fence about tragedy, you should do your best to prepare —— A child is a gift from God, are you well prepared for it? The attitude of pregnancy should not be “accidental”! I. Nutritional needs during pregnancy malnutrition directly affects fetal growth stagnation, intrauterine growth retardation, and is an independent risk factor for hypertension and diabetes in adulthood; it also affects the health of the mother. (a) The role of protein: about 925g of protein is needed for the growth and development of fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid, blood volume increase and maternal uterus and mammary gland tissues during pregnancy. Deficiency: causes fetal growth arrest, intrauterine growth retardation, resulting in low birth weight, abnormal brain development, malformations, congenital defects, maternal edema, anemia, low immunity, etc. RNI: increase 5g/d in early pregnancy, 15g/d in mid-pregnancy and 20g/d in late pregnancy. (B) Fat requires about 3-4kg of fat accumulation during pregnancy. The intake of phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids is essential for the development of brain and retina; fat intake should account for 20-30% of total energy during pregnancy. Omega-3 fatty acids are up to 20% in the gray matter of brain cells and up to 50% in the retina. (iii) Carbohydrates: Because the fetus uses more maternal glucose, too little maternal sugar intake can cause ketoacidosis. (iv) minerals 1, calcium role: strong fetal bones, teeth, increase maternal bone density, strengthen the role of the mediator of nerve conduction. Lack of: maternal susceptible to hand and foot convulsions, osteochondrosis (pelvic softening, deformation, easy to difficult delivery), hypertension, pre-eclampsia, infant irritability, easily startled, convulsions and congenital rickets. Moon disease to a large extent is the overdraft of calcium during pregnancy, pregnant women lack of calcium born children is a serious calcium deficiency. 2, magnesium role: constitute the bones, teeth and cell pulp elements, have a sedative effect. Lack of: maternal susceptible to kidney stones, epilepsy, infants easily startled, easy to wake up, muscle twitching, etc. 3, iron role: synthesis of hemoglobin, improve immunity. Deficiency: affects fetal brain development, prone to premature birth and low birth weight. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) survey shows that the rate of iron deficiency anemia in early, middle and late pregnancy is 10%, 14%, 33%, respectively. 4, zinc role: to promote fetal growth and development, improve sperm viability. Deficiency: affects the development of fetal reproductive organs, congenital malformations, low immunity of infants, and poor taste. Especially when supplementing calcium and iron, zinc should be supplemented, because calcium and iron will affect the absorption and utilization of zinc. Role of folic acid: Helps fetal DNA synthesis, participates in the development of the neural tube, and promotes the production of placenta and red blood cells. Deficiency: lead to neural tube malformation (anencephaly, spina bifida), placental abruption, intrauterine growth retardation, premature birth, low birth weight, macrocytic anemia. 2, the role of vitamin C: and protein together to form collagen, for the growth and repair of connective tissue, blood vessels, teeth, bones and other important substances; sperm-protecting vitamins, can make adult men’s sperm genes from damage; to promote the absorption of minerals, improve the degree of absorption up to 85%, to prevent bleeding gums. 3, vitamin A role: closely related to the development of the brain and vision of the fetus, immune system generation, etc.; on the development of male and female reproductive organs and the maintenance of sexual function are useful to avoid immature sperm development in men, promote sexual desire, improve female leucorrhea and excessive menstruation. Carotene is a precursor and safe source of vitamin A. Deficiency: leads to slow fetal growth and malformation, leading to hydrocephalus, anencephaly, etc., causing miscarriage and premature birth. 4, vitamin D role: an important regulator of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Deficiency: leads to neonatal hypocalcemia, hand and foot convulsions, dental enamel hypoplasia and maternal osteochondrosis. 5, vitamin E role: tocopherol, the protection of cell membranes, especially for hemoglobin, heart, liver and other cell membranes, the prevention of neonatal hemolysis. Deficiency: cause habitual abortion, premature birth, low birth weight of newborns, jaundice and pernicious anemia. 1992, the U.S. scholars found that male rats lack of vitamin E, its sterility is permanent, the degeneration of sperm cells can not recover. Second, the physiological characteristics of pregnancy 1, early pregnancy: the key period of organ differentiation in the first month: body length of about 17.5px, weighing about 1g; gills also have a tail, tadpole-shaped; hands and feet have bulged, the whole body is covered with villi. Second trimester: body length about 75px, weight about 4g; gills disappeared, tail became shorter, gradually became humanoid; neural tube closed at 6 weeks of gestation, heart divided into two chambers and two chambers at 8 weeks of gestation. Third trimester: length about 250px, weight about 9g; human shape; fetal heart sounds can be heard with a checker; all major organs have developed. (1) The key period of organ differentiation: especially the development of neural tube. (2) Avoid malformation and pre-miscarriage: protein, folic acid, E. (3) Prevent early pregnancy reaction: B group. (4) Avoid food: pickled, moldy, caffeine, etc. 2.Mid-pregnancy: critical period of brain development 4th month: length about 400px, weight about 100g; fetal hair on the skin; muscles start to move. The fifth month: length about 625px, weight about 250g; brain cortical cells begin to differentiate; nails are born, the whole body is covered with fetal hair and there is fetal movement. The sixth month: length is about 750px, weight is about 650g; hair, eyebrows and eyelashes are growing; fetal movement is obvious. The seventh month: body length is about 875px, weight is about 1kg; more wrinkles on the face; the main genital organs have developed. Mid-pregnancy maintenance focus: (1) the key period of brain development: 5 months of gestation – six months after birth, brain cell development completed at once, protein, essential fatty acids. (2) Prevention of anemia and hypoxia: protein, iron, E. (3) Prevention of stretch marks: maintenance of breasts, abdomen, buttocks and thighs, prevention of nipple invagination. (4) emotional fetal education: maintaining a warm atmosphere and happy mood is the best fetal education for your baby. (5) Artistic fetal education: In the United States, fathers are asked to sing to their fetuses over 7 months of age, and children who “graduate” from here appear to be smarter, get to know their parents faster, and are quite good at listening, speaking, and using language. 3.Late pregnancy: the eighth month of rapid development: length of about 1000px, weight of about 1.5kg; covered with fetal hair. The ninth month: length about 1125px, weight about 2kg; subcutaneous fat increases, no longer has the appearance of an old man, and the fetal hair roughly disappears. The tenth month: body length about 1250px, weight about 3kg; fetal hair almost disappeared, skin without wrinkles; hair length 2-75px. Maintenance focus in the second trimester: (1) rapid development period: 80% of bone calcium is obtained from the mother during this period, and the milk teeth in the dental bed begin to calcify. (2) Highly susceptible to anemia: anemia rate reaches 40. (3) Prevention of constipation and hemorrhoids: fiber, protein, B, C. (4) Prevention of hyperemesis and gestational diabetes: weight control, less oil and less salt. (5) Practice breathing and change bras. (3) Pre-conception physical conditioning 1. Male side focus (1) Increase the number of sperm: protein, zinc. (2) Enhance sperm activity: A, C, E, magnesium. (3) Prevention of colds and inflammation: protein, C, allicin. (4) Improve lifestyle habits: no smoking, alcohol, staying up late and sauna, etc. 2.Female focus (1) Regular discharge of mature eggs: protein, E, fish oil. (2) Prevention of colds and inflammation: protein, C, allicin. (3) Prevention of malformation/miscarriage: protein, folic acid, E. (4) Prevention of early pregnancy reaction: B family. (3) Pre-pregnancy physical examination for both spouses: chromosomes, hepatitis B 2.5, full set of biochemistry, eugenics 5 (one month before pregnancy). Female partner: ultrasound of uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes, five sex hormones (for those with irregular physiological periods). Warm reminder: avoid contact with toxic substances before and during pregnancy, such as decoration pollution, computer radiation, hairdryer, hair dyeing and perming, drugs (including birth control pills), etc.