Heartburn is usually caused by acid reflux into the esophagus, i.e., gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is caused by the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter due to various reasons, and the refluxed gastric acid erodes the esophageal mucosa resulting in a heartburn sensation. There are many causes of GERD, including excessive secretion of gastric acid, relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, decreased resistance of the esophageal mucosa, delayed gastric emptying, and other high-risk factors. 1. Excessive secretion of gastric acid: Excessive secretion of gastric acid caused by hereditary gastric lining cells or stimulation by carbonated beverages can lead to acid reflux and a feeling of heartburn. You can take omeprazole, rabeprazole and other drugs to inhibit the secretion of gastric acid under the guidance of your doctor. 2. Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation: long-term increase in intragastric pressure caused by obesity or abnormal movement of the lower esophageal sphincter itself causes acid reflux, which requires dietary regulation and weight control. 3. Decreased resistance of esophageal mucosa: Due to various reasons, the decrease in salivary secretion causes the barrier function of esophageal mucosa to be reduced, and gastric acid reflux can easily cause damage. It can be treated with esophageal mucosal protective agents such as aluminum thioglycollate. 4. Delayed gastric emptying: constipation, overeating and other factors affect gastric emptying, leading to upward reflux of gastric acid. Correct constipation, regulate eating habits, and do not overeat. 5. Other high-risk factors: eating before going to bed, strenuous activities, smoking and drinking. If any of the above situations occurs, please go to the hospital in time for targeted treatment. Drugs should be used under the guidance of a professional physician, and should not be used arbitrarily on their own.